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Copper catalyzed late-stage C(sp³)-H functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles.

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen heterocycle represents a ubiquitous skeleton in natural products and drugs. Late-stage C(sp³)-H bond functionalization of N-heterocycles with broad substrate scope remains a challenge and of particular significance to modern chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Here, we demonstrate copper-catalysed late-stage C(sp³)-H functionalizaion of N-heterocycles using commercially available catalysts under mild reaction conditions. We have investigated 8 types of N-heterocycles which are usually found as medicinally important skeletons. The scope and utility of this approach are demonstrated by late-stage C(sp³)-H modification of these heterocycles including a number of pharmaceuticals with a broad range of nucleophiles, e.g. methylation, arylation, azidination, mono-deuteration and glycoconjugation etc. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction undergoes a C-H fluorination process which is followed by a nucleophilic substitution.

SUBMITTER: Chang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8282657 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Copper catalyzed late-stage C(sp3)-H functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles.

Chang Zhe Z Huang Jialin J Wang Si S Chen Geshuyi G Zhao Heng H Wang Rui R Zhao Depeng D

Nature communications 20210715 1

Nitrogen heterocycle represents a ubiquitous skeleton in natural products and drugs. Late-stage C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of N-heterocycles with broad substrate scope remains a challenge and of particular significance to modern chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Here, we demonstrate copper-catalysed late-stage C(sp3)-H functionalizaion of N-heterocycles using commercially available catalysts under mild reaction conditions. We have investigated 8 types of ...[more]

PMID: 34267229

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Project description:Frequently referred to as the 'magic methyl effect', the installation of methyl groups-especially adjacent (α) to heteroatoms-has been shown to dramatically increase the potency of biologically active molecules1-3. However, existing methylation methods show limited scope and have not been demonstrated in complex settings1. Here we report a regioselective and chemoselective oxidative C(sp3)-H methylation method that is compatible with late-stage functionalization of drug scaffolds and natural products. This combines a highly site-selective and chemoselective C-H hydroxylation with a mild, functional-group-tolerant methylation. Using a small-molecule manganese catalyst, Mn(CF3PDP), at low loading (at a substrate/catalyst ratio of 200) affords targeted C-H hydroxylation on heterocyclic cores, while preserving electron-neutral and electron-rich aryls. Fluorine- or Lewis-acid-assisted formation of reactive iminium or oxonium intermediates enables the use of a mildly nucleophilic organoaluminium methylating reagent that preserves other electrophilic functionalities on the substrate. We show this late-stage C(sp3)-H methylation on 41 substrates housing 16 different medicinally important cores that include electron-rich aryls, heterocycles, carbonyls and amines. Eighteen pharmacologically relevant molecules with competing sites-including drugs (for example, tedizolid) and natural products-are methylated site-selectively at the most electron rich, least sterically hindered position. We demonstrate the syntheses of two magic methyl substrates-an inverse agonist for the nuclear receptor RORc and an antagonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1-via late-stage methylation from the drug or its advanced precursor. We also show a remote methylation of the B-ring carbocycle of an abiraterone analogue. The ability to methylate such complex molecules at late stages will reduce synthetic effort and thereby expedite broader exploration of the magic methyl effect in pursuit of new small-molecule therapeutics and chemical probes.

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Copper catalyzed late-stage C(sp³)-H functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles.

Publications

Copper catalyzed late-stage C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles.

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