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Selenium Yeast Dietary Supplement Affects Rumen Bacterial Population Dynamics and Fermentation Parameters of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) in Alpine Meadow.

ABSTRACT: Selenium (Se) deficiency is a widespread and seasonally chronic phenomenon observed in Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) traditionally grazed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Effects of the dietary addition of Se-enriched yeast (SeY) on the bacterial community in sheep rumen and rumen fermentation were evaluated with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the rumen prokaryotic community. Twenty-four yearling Tibetan rams [initial average body weight (BW) of 31.0 ± 0.64 kg] were randomly divided into four treatment groups, namely, control (CK), low Se (L), medium Se (M), and high Se (H). Each group comprised six rams and was fed a basic diet of fresh forage cut from the alpine meadow, to which SeY was added at prescribed dose rates. This feed trial was conducted for over 35 days. On the final day, rumen fluid was collected using a transesophageal sampler for analyzing rumen pH, NH₃-N content, volatile fatty acid (VFA) level, and the rumen microbial community. Our analyses showed that NH₃-N, total VFA, and propionate concentrations in the M group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Both the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the analysis of similarities revealed that the bacterial population structure of rumen differed among the four groups. The predominant rumen bacterial phyla were found to be Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the three dominant genera in all the samples across all treatments were Christensenellaceae R7 group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Prevotella 1. The relative abundances of Prevotella 1, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Ruminococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, Carnobacterium, and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were found to differ significantly among the four treatment groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, Tax4fun metagenome estimation revealed that gene functions and metabolic pathways associated with carbohydrate and other amino acids were overexpressed in the rumen microbiota of SeY-supplemented sheep. To conclude, SeY significantly affects the abundance of rumen bacteria and ultimately affects the rumen microbial fermentation.

SUBMITTER: Cui X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8283570 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The rumen microbiota plays an important role in animal functional attributes. These microbes are indispensable for the normal physiological development of the rumen, and may also convert the plant polysaccharides from grass into available milk and meat, making it highly valuable to humans. Exploring the microbial composition and metabolites of rumen across developmental stages is important for understanding ruminant nutrition and metabolism. However, relatively few reports have investigated the microbiome and metabolites across developmental stages in ruminants. Using 16S rRNA gene sequnecing, metabolomics and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques, we compared the rumen microbiota, metabolites and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) between lambs and sub-adult Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetae were enriched in sub-adult sheep, while Firmicutes and Tenericutes were more abundant in young individuals. The sub-adult individuals had higher alpha diversity values than those in young sheep. Metabolomics analysis showed that the content of essential amino acids and related gene functional pathways in rumen were different between the lambs and sub-adult population. L-Leucine that participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis was more abundant in the lambs, while phenylethylamine that takes part in phenylalanine metabolism was more enriched in the sub-adults. Both rumen microbial community structures and metabolite profiles were impacted by age, but rumen SCFA concentration was relatively stable between different age stages. Some specific microbes (e.g., Clostridium and Ruminococcaceae) were positively associated with L-Leucine but negatively correlated with phenylethylamine, implying that rumen microbes may play different roles for metabolite production at different ages. Mantel test analysis showed that rumen microbiota was significantly correlated with metabolomics and SCFA profiles. Our results indicates the close relationship between microbial composition and metabolites, and also reveal different nutritional requirement for different ages in ruminants, thus having important significance for regulating animal nutrition and metabolism by microbiome intervention.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Tibetan sheep (TS) and Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep (GS) are both important plateau sheep raised and fed on the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Rumen methanogen and protozoal communities of plateau sheep are affected by their hosts and living environments, and play important roles in ruminant nutrition and greenhouse gas production. However, the characteristics, differences, and associations of these communities remain largely uncharacterized. RESULTS:The rumen methanogen and protozoal communities of plateau sheep were investigated by 16S/18S rRNA gene clone libraries. The predominant methanogen order in both sheep species was Methanobacteriales followed by Methanomassiliicoccales, which is consistent with those seen in global ruminants. However, the most dominant species was Methanobrevibacter millerae rather than Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii seen in most ruminants. Compared with GS and other ruminants, TS have more exclusive operational taxonomic units and a lower proportion (64.5%) of Methanobrevibacter. The protozoa were divided into Entodiniomorphida and Vestibuliferida, including nine genera and 15 species. The proportion of holotrich protozoa was much lower (1.1%) in TS than ordinary sheep. The most predominant genus was Entodinium (70.0%) in TS and Enoploplastron (48.8%) in GS, while the most common species was Entodinium furca monolobum (43.9%) and Enoploplastron triloricatum (45.0%) in TS and GS, respectively; Entodinium longinucleatum (22.8%) was only observed in TS. LIBSHUFF analysis indicated that the methanogen communities of TS were significantly different from those of GS, but no significant differences were found in protozoal communities. CONCLUSION:Plateau sheep have coevolved with unique rumen methanogen and protozoal communities to adapt to harsh plateau environments. Moreover, the host appears to have a greater influence on rumen methanogen communities than on rumen protozoal communities. The observed associations of methanogens and protozoa, together with the findings of previous studies on methane emissions from ruminant livestock, revealed that the lower proportion of Methanobrevibacter and holotrich protozoa may be responsible for the lower methane emission of TS. These findings facilitate our understanding of the rumen microbial ecosystem in plateau sheep, and could help the development of new strategies to manipulate rumen microbes to improve productivity and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

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Selenium Yeast Dietary Supplement Affects Rumen Bacterial Population Dynamics and Fermentation Parameters of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) in Alpine Meadow.

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