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Can selenium-enriched spirulina supplementation ameliorate sepsis outcomes in selenium-deficient animals?

ABSTRACT: In intensive care units, sepsis is the first cause of death. In this pathology, inflammation and oxidative status play a crucial role in patient outcomes. Interestingly, 92% of septic patients exhibit low selenium plasma concentrations (a component of antioxidant enzymes). Moreover, Spirulina platensis, a blue-green algae, demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. In this context, the main purpose of our study was to analyze the effect of a selenium-enriched spirulina after a selenium deficiency on sepsis outcome in rats. Sixty-four rats were fed 12 weeks with a selenium-deficient food. After 8 weeks, rats were supplemented (via drinking water) for 4 weeks with sodium selenite (Se), spirulina (Spi), or selenium-enriched spirulina (SeSp). Sepsis was then induced by cecal ligature and puncture, and survival duration was observed. The plasma selenium concentration was measured by ICPMS. Expression of GPx1 and GPx3 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Blood parameters (lactates and HCO₃ ^- concentrations, pH, PO₂ , and PCO₂ ) were analyzed at 0, 1, and 2 h as well as inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10). Sodium selenite and SeSP supplementations restored plasma selenium concentration prior to sepsis. The survival duration of SeSP septic rats was significantly lower than that of selenium-supplemented ones. Gpx1 mRNA was increased after a selenium-enriched spirulina supplementation while Gpx3 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, sodium selenite prevented sepsis-induced acidosis. Our results show that on a basis of a Se deficiency, selenium-enriched spirulina supplementations significantly worsen sepsis outcome when compared to Se supplementation. Furthermore, Se supplementation but not selenium-enriched spirulina supplementation decreased inflammation and restored acid-base equilibrium after a sepsis induction.

SUBMITTER: Castel T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8290477 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:This study evaluated the effects of maternal selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow performance, transfer of selenium (Se) and redox status, and gut microbiota community, as well as on the gut health of offspring. Seventy pregnant sows on day 85 of gestation were randomly allocated to the following two treatments: (1) sows who were fed a basal diet (basal diet contained 0.3 mg/kg Se as Na2SeO3, n = 35); (2) and sows who were fed a SeY-supplemented diet (basal diet with 0.2 mg/kg Se as SeY, n = 35). The offspring piglets were only cross-fostered within the group on day 3 of lactation (L3) according to the pig farm epidemic prevention policy. The plasma, milk, and feces samples from 10 sows, as well as plasma and intestinal samples per treatment, were collected on L1 and L21, respectively. Our results showed that maternal SeY supplementation increased the first week average weight and ADG of piglets (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the SeY supplementation increased the Se content in the plasma and milk of sows and the plasma of piglets on L1 and L21 (p < 0.05). In addition, in sows, the levels of fat in the milk on L21, the level of IgA, T-AOC, and GSH-Px in the plasma on L21, and the level of T-AOC and GSH-Px in the colostrum were increased, while the MDA content was decreased in the plasma on L1 and in the colostrum and milk on L14 (p < 0.05). In the piglet plasma, the levels of IgA on L1 and L21, GSH-Px on L1, and GSH on L21 were increased, while the MDA content was decreased on L1 (p < 0.05). Maternal SeY supplementation up-regulated the small intestinal protein abundances of MUC1, E-cadherin, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in weaned offspring piglets. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that fecal microbiota had distinct separations during lactation, and the relative abundances of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Prevotaceae_UCG-001, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were increased on L1. Collectively, the current findings suggest that maternal SeY supplementation during late gestation and lactation could improve the piglet's growth performance, Se status, antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulins transfer at the first week of lactation, as well as alter the fecal microbiota composition by increasing antioxidative-related and SCFA-producing microbiota in sows. These changes contributed to enhancing the small intestinal barrier function and activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in offspring.

Project description:PurposeSelenium supplementation is a potentially promising adjunctive therapy for critically ill patients, but the results are controversy among studies. Accordingly, we performed this meta-analysis to more clearly detect the efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation on critically ill patients.MethodsSystematic literature retrieval was carried out to obtain RCTs on selenium supplementation for critically ill patients up to August 2017. Data extraction and quality evaluation of these studies were performed by 2 investigators. Statistical analyses was performed by RevMan 5.3. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to control the risks of type I and type II errors and calculate required information size (RIS).ResultsTotally 19 RCTs involving 3341 critically ill patients were carried out in which 1694 participates were in the selenium supplementation group, and 1647 in the control. The aggregated results suggested that compared with the control, intravenous selenium supplement as a single therapy could decrease the total mortality (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.95, P = .002, TSA-adjusted 95% CI = 0.77-0.96, RIS = 4108, n = 3297) and may shorten the length of stay in hospital (MD -2.30, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.57, P = .009), but had no significant treatment effect on 28-days mortality (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.85-1.09, P = .54) and could not shorten the length of ICU stay (MD -0.15, 95% CI -1.68 to 1.38, P = .84) in critically ill patients. Our results also showed that selenium supplementation did not increase incidence of drug-induced side effect compared with the control (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.30, P = .73).ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests that the use of selenium could reduce the total mortality, and TSA results showed that our outcome is reliable and no more randomized controlled trials are needed. But selenium supplementation might have no effect on reducing 28-days mortality as well as the incidence of new infections, or on length of stay in ICU or mechanical ventilation. However, the results should be used carefully because of potential limitations.

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Can selenium-enriched spirulina supplementation ameliorate sepsis outcomes in selenium-deficient animals?

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