Bailout From Sinus Jailing: In-Series TAVR-in-TAVR to Avoid Coronary Flow Obstruction.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Casenghi M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8302790 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve replacement has been recently reported as a less-invasive alternative to re-do surgery in patients with bioprosthetic valve failure. Although procedural success is achieved in the great majority of patients, this therapy is associated with several potential complications, and coronary occlusion is one of the most feared. This is a rare event, but it is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. In this review, the mechanisms, the identification of patients at high risk, the primary prevention strategies, and treatment of coronary occlusion will be discussed.
| S-EPMC6877473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronary obstruction is a rare but life-threatening complication in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) procedures to treat failed surgical bioprosthesis is associated with ~6-fold higher risk for coronary obstruction in certain situations. The primary mechanism consists in the occlusion of the coronary ostium by the dislodged leaflet from the bioprosthesis after deployment of the transcatheter heart valve (THV), which most commonly occurs during the index procedure, but in up to 1/3 of cases a delayed presentation ensues. The clinical presentation consists of severe hypotension and ECG changes in most of the patients, with very high mortality rates. Therefore, pre-procedural multi-slice computed tomography is crucial for identifying high-risk features, such as low coronary heights, shallow sinuses of Valsalva, and short virtual THV to coronary ostial distance (VTC). Also, some models of surgical bioprosthesis present an increased risk for this dreadful complication. Preemptive protective strategies with coronary wiring, with or without placement of an undeployed stent, could mitigate the risks associated with this complication in high-risk patients, even though studies are lacking. This review aims to take a clinical perspective on the challenges in avoiding this complication during VIV procedures.
| S-EPMC6716332 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the distance between the aortic valve in projected position to the coronary ostium to determine risk of coronary artery obstruction after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsAn Expected Leaflet-to-ostium Distance (ELOD) was obtained on pre-TAVR planning computed tomography by subtracting leaflet thickness and the distances from the center to the annular rim at annulus level and from the center to the coronary ostium at mid-ostial level. Variables were compared between patients with and without coronary obstruction and the level of association between variables was assessed using log odds ratio (OR).ResultsA total of 177 patients with 353 coronary arteries was analyzed. Mean annulus diameters (22.8 ± 2.8 mm and 23.4 ± 1.0 mm, p > 0.05) and mean sinus of Valsalva (SOV) diameters (31.2 ± 3.6 mm and 31.9 ± 3.6 mm, p > 0.05) were similar between patients with lower and higher coronary heights, respectively. There were three coronary obstruction cases. ELOD ≤ 2 mm in combination with leaflet length longer than mid-ostial height allowed for discrimination of cases with and without coronary obstruction. There was a significant association between coronary obstruction event and ELOD ≤ 2 mm (log OR = 6.180, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed that a combination of ELOD < 2 mm and a longer leaflet length than mid-ostial height may be associated with increased risk for coronary obstruction during TAVR.
| S-EPMC8645442 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A 69-year-old man with mediastinal radiation history underwent balloon valvuloplasty before transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which caused aortic leaflet rupture leading to unstable severe aortic regurgitation and subsequent left main ostial obstruction. A balloon-expanding valve was implanted to capture the ruptured leaflet and a left main stent was placed. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
| S-EPMC8642731 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe BASILICA (Bioprosthetic or native Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery obstruction during TAVR) investigational device exemption trial was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm safety and feasibility study.BackgroundCoronary artery obstruction is a rare but devastating complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Current stent-based preventative strategies are suboptimal. Bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction during TAVR (BASILICA) is a novel transcatheter technique performed immediately before TAVR to prevent coronary artery obstruction.MethodsSubjects with severe native or bioprosthetic aortic valve disease at high or extreme risk for surgery, and at high risk of coronary artery obstruction, were included. The primary success endpoint was successful BASILICA and TAVR without coronary obstruction or reintervention. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events. Data were independently monitored. Endpoints were independently adjudicated. A core laboratory analyzed computed tomography images.ResultsBetween February 2018 and July 2018, 30 subjects were enrolled. Primary success was met in 28 (93%) subjects. BASILICA traversal and laceration was successful in 35 of 37 (95%) attempted leaflets. There was 100% freedom from coronary obstruction and reintervention. Primary safety was met in 21 (70%), driven by 6 (20%) major vascular complications related to TAVR but not BASILICA. There was 1 death at 30 days. There was 1 (3%) disabling stroke and 2 (7%) nondisabling strokes. Transient hemodynamic compromise was rare (7%) and resolved promptly with TAVR.ConclusionsBASILICA was feasible in both native and bioprosthetic valves. Hemodynamic compromise was uncommon. Safety was acceptable and needs confirmation in larger studies. BASILICA appears effective in preventing coronary artery obstruction from TAVR in subjects at high risk.
| S-EPMC6669893 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)-related coronary artery obstruction prediction remains unsatisfactory despite high mortality and novel preventive therapies.ObjectivesThis study sought to develop a predictive model for TAVR-related coronary obstruction in native aortic stenosis.MethodsPreprocedure computed tomography and fluoroscopy images of patients in whom TAVR caused coronary artery obstruction were collected. Central laboratories made measurements, which were compared with unobstructed patients from a single-center database. A multivariate model was developed and validated against a 1:1 propensity-matched subselection of the unobstructed cohort.ResultsSixty patients with angiographically confirmed coronary obstruction and 1,381 without obstruction were included. In-hospital death was higher in the obstruction cohort (26.7% vs 0.7%; P < 0.001). Annular area and perimeter, coronary height, sinus width, and sinotubular junction height and width were all significantly smaller in the obstructed cohort. Obstruction was most common on the left side (78.3%) and at the level of the coronary artery ostium (92.1%). Coronary artery height and sinus width, but not annulus area, were significant risk factors for obstruction by logistic regression but performed poorly in predicting obstruction. The new multivariate model (coronary obstruction IF cusp height > coronary height, AND virtual valve-to-coronary distance ≤4 mm OR culprit leaflet calcium volume >600 mm3) performed well, with an area under the curve of 0.93 (sensitivity = 0.93, specificity = 0.84) for the left coronary artery and 0.94 (sensitivity = 0.92, specificity = 0.96) for the right.ConclusionsA novel computed tomography-based multivariate prediction model that can be implemented routinely in real-world practice predicted coronary artery obstruction from TAVR in native aortic stenosis.
| S-EPMC9991077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mechanical stresses on aortic valve leaflets are well-known mediators for initiating processes leading to calcific aortic valve disease. Given that non-coronary leaflets calcify first, it may be hypothesized that coronary flow originating from the ostia significantly influences aortic leaflet mechanics and sinus hemodynamics. High resolution time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted to map the spatiotemporal characteristics of aortic sinus blood flow and leaflet motion with and without physiological coronary flow in a well-controlled in vitro setup. The in vitro setup consists of a porcine aortic valve mounted in a physiological aorta sinus chamber with dynamically controlled coronary resistance to emulate physiological coronary flow. Results were analyzed using qualitative streak plots illustrating the spatiotemporal complexity of blood flow patterns, and quantitative velocity vector and shear stress contour plots to show differences in the mechanical environments between the coronary and non-coronary sinuses. It is shown that the presence of coronary flow pulls the classical sinus vorticity deeper into the sinus and increases flow velocity near the leaflet base. This creates a beneficial increase in shear stress and washout near the leaflet that is not seen in the non-coronary sinus. Further, leaflet opens approximately 10% farther into the sinus with coronary flow case indicating superior valve opening area. The presence of coronary flow significantly improves leaflet mechanics and sinus hemodynamics in a manner that would reduce low wall shear stress conditions while improving washout at the base of the leaflet.
| S-EPMC4838673 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study introduces a case in which our novel "Transarterial Snare-Upholding REcovery technique for COMpletely pulled out LV wire for TAVR valve Insert system (TSURECOMI) technique" with snares was successfully performed for bailout of a transcatheter heart valve during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
| S-EPMC8387829 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)-in-TAVR is a possible treatment for transcatheter heart valve (THV) degeneration. However, the displaced leaflets of the first THV will create a risk plane (RP) under which the passage of a coronary catheter will be impossible. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential risk of impaired coronary access (CA) after TAVR-in-TAVR. Methods and Results We prospectively performed coronary angiography after TAVR with different THVs in 137 consecutive patients, looking where the catheter crossed the valve frame. If coronary cannulation was achieved from below the RP, the distance between valve frame and aortic wall was measured by aortic angiography. CA after TAVR-in-TAVR was defined as feasible if the catheter passed above the RP, as theoretically feasible if passed under the RP with valve-to-aorta distance >2 mm, and as unfeasible if passed under the RP with valve-to-aorta distance ≤2 mm. Seventy-two patients (53%) received a Sapien 3 THV, 26 (19%) received an Evolut Pro/R THV, and 39 (28%) received an Acurate Neo THV. CA after TAVR-in-TAVR was considered feasible in 40.9% (68.1%, 19.2%, and 5.1%, respectively; P<0.001), theoretically feasible in 27.7% (8.3%, 42.3%, and 53.8%, respectively; P<0.001), and unfeasible in 31.4% (23.6%, 38.5%, and 41.1%, respectively; P=0.116). Independent predictors of impaired CA after TAVR-in-TAVR were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.99; 95% CI, 1.07-14.86; P=0.040), sinotubular junction diameter (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.80; P<0.001), and implantation of a supra-annular THV (OR, 6.61; 95% CI, 1.98-22.03; P=0.002). Conclusions CA after TAVR-in-TAVR might be unfeasible in >30% of patients currently treated with TAVR. Patients with a small sinotubular junction and those who received a supra-annular THV are at highest risk of potential CA impairment with TAVR-in-TAVR.
| S-EPMC7670517 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We present an interesting case of an 88-year-old man who was referred to our arrhythmia service for an upgrade of his dual-chamber pacemaker to a biventricular pacemaker for right ventricular pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. The patient was found to have stenosis of the left subclavian vein. Here, we describe the approach used to perform venoplasty in this patient. After venoplasty of the left subclavian vein, the patient did not have suitable coronary venous anatomy for deployment of the coronary sinus lead. Subsequently, a His lead was implanted. We achieved significant narrowing of the QRS with good thresholds and other lead parameters. Through this case report, we seek to present our approach of venoplasty in patients with occluded venous access for either an upgrade or a de novo implant.
| S-EPMC9521728 | biostudies-literature