Author Correction: Elucidation of the core betalain biosynthesis pathway in Amaranthus tricolor.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chang YC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8316460 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Author Correction: Elucidation of the core betalain biosynthesis pathway in Amaranthus tricolor.
Chang Yu-Cheng YC Chiu Yi-Ching YC Tsao Nai-Wen NW Chou Yuan-Lin YL Tan Choon-Meng CM Chiang Yi-Hsuan YH Liao Pei-Chi PC Lee Ya-Chien YC Hsieh Li-Ching LC Wang Sheng-Yang SY Yang Jun-Yi JY
Scientific reports 20210727 1
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Project description:Amaranthus tricolor is a vegetable and ornamental amaranth, with high lysine, dietary fibre and squalene content. The red cultivar of A. tricolor possesses a high concentration of betalains, which has been used as natural food colorants. Here, we constructed the genome of A. tricolor, the first reference genome for the subgenus Albersia, combining PacBio HiFi, Nanopore ultra-long and Hi-C data. The contig N50 size was 906 kb, and 99.58% of contig sequence was anchored to the 17 chromosomes, totalling 520 Mb. We annotated 27,813 protein-coding genes with an average 1.3 kb coding sequence and 5.3 exons. We inferred that A. tricolor underwent a whole-genome duplication (WGD) and that the WGD shared by amaranths occurred in the last common ancestor of subfamily Amaranthoideae. Moreover, we comprehensively identified candidate genes in betalain biosynthesis pathway. Among them, DODAα1 and CYP76ADα1, located in one topologically associated domain (TAD) of an active (A) compartment on chromosome 16, were more highly expressed in red leaves than in green leaves, and DODAα1 might be the rate-limiting enzyme gene in betalains biosynthesis. This study presents new genome resources and enriches our understanding of amaranth evolution, betalains production, facilitating molecular breeding improvements and the understanding of C4 plants evolution.
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Project description:MYB (myeloblastosis) is one of the most abundant transcription factors in plants which regulates various biological processes. The molecular characteristics and function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in amaranth remain unclear. In this study, 73 R2R3-MYB members were identified from the amaranth genome database and we further analyzed their chromosome position, conserved motifs, physiological and biochemical features, collinearity relationships, gene structure, phylogeny and cis-acting element. Based on the phylogenetic and expression pattern analysis, 14 candidate R2R3-MYB genes might be involved in the betalain synthesis. Amongst the 14 candidate R2R3-MYB genes, the expression level of AtrMYB72 was higher in 'Suxian No.1' than 'Suxian No.2', and also higher in the red section than in the green section of the same leaf in Amaranthus. The overexpression vector pCambia1301-AtrMYB72-GUS and VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) vector pTRV2- AtrMYB72 were transferred into leaves of 'Suxian No.1' via an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The results showed that AtrMYB72 overexpression could promote betalain synthesis. A yeast one-hybrid assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that AtrMYB72 could bind to the AtrCYP76AD1 promoter to promote betalain synthesis. These results indicated that AtrMYB72 promoted betalain biosynthesis in amaranth by activating the AtrCYP76AD1 transcription. Our results could provide new insights into the betalain biosynthesis in amaranth.
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