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Publisher Correction to: Palaeoecological differences underlie rare co-occurrence of Miocene European primates.

ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: DeMiguel D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8323285 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publisher Correction to: Palaeoecological differences underlie rare co-occurrence of Miocene European primates.

DeMiguel Daniel D Domingo Laura L Sánchez Israel M IM Casanovas-Vilar Isaac I Robles Josep M JM Alba David M DM

BMC biology 20210730 1

PMID: 34330276

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Palaeoecological differences underlie rare co-occurrence of Miocene European primates.

Project description:BackgroundThe two main primate groups recorded throughout the European Miocene, hominoids and pliopithecoids, seldom co-occur. Due to both their rarity and insufficiently understood palaeoecology, it is currently unclear whether the infrequent co-occurrence of these groups is due to sampling bias or reflects different ecological preferences. Here we rely on the densely sampled primate-bearing sequence of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM) in Spain to test whether turnovers in primate assemblages are correlated with palaeoenvironmental changes. We reconstruct dietary evolution through time (ca. 12.6-11.4 Ma), and hence climate and habitat, using tooth-wear patterns and carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of enamel of the ubiquitous musk-deer Micromeryx.ResultsOur results reveal that primate species composition is strongly correlated with distinct environmental phases. Large-bodied hominoids (dryopithecines) are recorded in humid, densely-forested environments on the lowermost portion of the ACM sequence. In contrast, pliopithecoids inhabited less humid, patchy ecosystems, being replaced by dryopithecines and the small-bodied Pliobates toward the top of the series in gallery forests embedded in mosaic environments.ConclusionsThese results support the view that pliopithecoid primates preferred less humid habitats than hominoids, and reveal that differences in behavioural ecology were the main factor underpinning their rare co-occurrence during the European Miocene. Our findings further support that ACM hominoids, like Miocene apes as a whole, inhabited more seasonal environments than extant apes. Finally, this study highlights the importance of high-resolution, local investigations to complement larger-scale analyses and illustrates that continuous and densely sampled fossiliferous sequences are essential for deciphering the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that shaped past diversity.

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Hippotherium Datum implies Miocene palaeoecological pattern.

Project description:Here, we report well-preserved skulls and postcranial specimens of genus Hippotherium from the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China. Based on morphological comparison, the species of Hippotherium in China, Hippotherium weihoense and Hippotherium chiai, should be ascribed to the same species, H. weihoense. We also reviewe other Old World hipparion species in the very early Late Miocene and figure out two evolutionary routes: the Hippotherium and Cormohipparion lineages. Analysis of locomotive ability indicates that H. weihoense likely lived in an open habitat, whereas other species of Hippotherium likely lived in closed habitats. This result shows a palaeoecological pattern in the early Late Miocene in Eurasia influenced by a series of geological events as aridification of mid-latitude Asia progressed, whereas Europe and North Africa remained relatively humid. As the genus originated from East Asia, hipparion horses divided rapidly into different groups with differing functional morphology to occupy diverse niches.

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Publisher Correction: Emerging toolkits for decoding the co-occurrence of modified histones and chromatin proteins.

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Sequence divergence and retrotransposon insertion underlie interspecific epigenetic differences in primates.

Project description:Changes in the epigenome can affect the phenotype without the presence of changes in the genomic sequence. Given the high identity of the human and chimpanzee genome sequences, a substantial portion of their phenotypic divergence likely arises from epigenomic differences between the two species. In this study, the transcriptome and epigenome were determined for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from human and chimpanzee individuals. The transcriptome and epigenomes for trimethylated histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) and lysine-27 (H3K27me3) showed high levels of similarity between the two species. However, there were some differences in histone modifications. Although such regions, in general, did not show significant enrichment of interspecies nucleotide variations, gains in binding motifs for pluripotency-related transcription factors, especially POU5F1 and SOX2, were frequently found in species-specific H3K4me3 regions. We also revealed that species-specific insertions of retrotransposons, including the LTR5_Hs subfamily in human and a newly identified LTR5_Pt subfamily in chimpanzee, created species-specific H3K4me3 regions associated with increased expression of nearby genes. Human iPSCs have more species-specific H3K27me3 regions, resulting in more abundant bivalent domains. Only a limited number of these species-specific H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 regions overlap with species-biased enhancers in cranial neural crest cells, suggesting that differences in the epigenetic state of developmental enhancers appear late in development. Therefore, iPSCs serve as a suitable starting material for studying evolutionary changes in epigenome dynamics during development.

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Publisher Correction: Re-analysis of public genetic data reveals a rare X-chromosomal variant associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Evolutionary ecology of Miocene hominoid primates in Southeast Asia.

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