Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ludwig M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8324232 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Shedding of microbial extracellular vesicles constitutes a universal mechanism for inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communication that is conserved among prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. In this review we delineate fundamental aspects of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) including their biogenesis, cargo composition, and interactions with host cells. We critically examine the evidence that BEVs from the host gut microbiome can enter the circulatory system to disseminate to distant organs and tissues. The potential involvement of BEVs in carcinogenesis is evaluated and future research ideas explored. We further discuss the potential of BEVs in microbiome-based liquid biopsies for cancer diagnostics and bioengineering strategies for cancer therapy.
| S-EPMC7557313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane particles that represent an endogenous mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Since discovering that EVs have multiple advantages over currently available delivery platforms, such as their ability to overcome natural barriers, intrinsic cell targeting properties, and circulation stability, the potential use of EVs as therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer studies has attracted considerable interest. To fully elucidate EVs' therapeutic function for treating cancer, all current knowledge about cellular uptake and trafficking of EVs will be initially reviewed. In order to further improve EVs as anticancer therapeutics, engineering strategies for cancer therapy have been widely explored in the last decade, along with other cancer therapies. However, therapeutic applications of EVs as drug delivery systems have been limited because of immunological concerns, lack of methods to scale EV production, and efficient drug loading. We will review and discuss recent progress and remaining challenges in developing EVs as a delivery nanoplatform for cancer therapy.
| S-EPMC7897670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer death. Small membrane-bound particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from both cancer and stromal cells and have a key role in mediating this communication through transport of cargo such as various RNA species (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA), proteins, and lipids. Tumor-secreted EVs have been observed to induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-malignant cells of the stroma, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and local immune cells. These cancer-associated cells then drive metastasis by mechanisms such as increasing the invasiveness of cancer cells, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This review will cover the role of EV-mediated signaling in the TME during metastasis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways to develop biomarkers and novel treatment strategies.
| S-EPMC8700460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular vesicles have undergone a paradigm shift from being considered as 'waste bags' to being central mediators of cell-to-cell signaling in homeostasis and several pathologies including cancer. Their ubiquitous nature, ability to cross biological barriers, and dynamic regulation during changes in pathophysiological state of an individual not only makes them excellent biomarkers but also critical mediators of cancer progression. This review highlights the heterogeneity in extracellular vesicles by discussing emerging subtypes, such as migrasomes, mitovesicles, and exophers, as well as evolving components of extracellular vesicles such as the surface protein corona. The review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the role of extracellular vesicles during different stages of cancer including cancer initiation, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune modulation, therapy resistance, and metastasis, and highlights gaps in our current knowledge of extracellular vesicle biology in cancer. We further provide a perspective on extracellular vesicle-based cancer therapeutics and challenges associated with bringing them to the clinic.
| S-EPMC10312242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Periodontitis is a prevalent oral ailment that harms both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, leading to loosening and eventual removal of the teeth. Current clinical treatments have limitations in achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered attention due to their unique characteristics and potential as a promising new therapy for periodontitis. Research suggests that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine primarily occurs through the paracrine pathway, involving the emission of particles encased by lipids called extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundant in bioactive compounds. These EVs play a vital function in controlling the activities of periodontal tissues and immune system cells, and by influencing the immediate surrounding, thus fostering the healing of periodontal damage and renewal of tissues. EVs obtained from MSCs (MSC-EVs), in the form of a cell-free treatment, offer advantages in terms of stability, reduced immune rejection, and ethical considerations, elevating their potential as a hopeful choice for broad clinical applications. This concise overview highlights the mechanisms of MSC-EVs and the possibilities they hold in clinical application for periodontal regeneration.
| S-EPMC10876597 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid bilayer enclosed structures shed from the plasma membrane by all cell types. Evidence of EV presence in biological fluids has led to considerable efforts focused on identifying their cargo and determining their utility as a non-invasive diagnostic platform for cancer. In this study, we identify circulating STEAP1 (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1)-positive EVs in the plasma of healthy males and prostate cancer patients and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic significance.MethodsSTEAP1 was identified on EVs in prostate cancer patient plasma. EVs were validated using electron microscopy, Western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and nanoscale flow cytometry. STEAP1-positive EVs were quantified for 121 males with prostate cancer and 55 healthy age-matched control males. An evaluation of STEAP1 in prostate cancer tissue was also performed using established prostate cancer cohort data (TCGA, MSKCC, and SU2C/PCF Dream Team).ResultsEvaluation of STEAP1-positive EVs by nanoscale flow cytometry identified a significant increase in prostate cancer patient plasma compared to healthy males. However, no association was found between total STEAP1 EV levels and disease recurrence or overall survival. Cohort data from prostate cancer tissue also found STEAP1 to be elevated in prostate cancer while no significant association with recurrence or overall survival was identified.ConclusionsSTEAP1 is known to be enriched on the cells of the prostate with potential clinical significance in prostate cancer. Our results identify and quantitate STEAP1-positive EVs in plasma and provide rationale for a STEAP1 EV-based liquid biopsy as a diagnostic strategy in prostate cancer.
| S-EPMC8384631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectiveProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer in the United States. Although new drugs have recently been approved, clinical challenges remain, notably the precise detection and prognostic implications of drug-resistant PCa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale lipid membrane vesicles, are actively secreted into the extracellular milieu by a variety of cell types. Over the past decade, interest in EVs has grown, and emerging evidence suggests that EVs play pivotal roles in cancer biology. In this review, we would like to summarize recent reports on EVs in PCa and discuss the potential clinical applications.MethodsWe performed a non-systematic literature review using the PubMed database to identify articles specifically related to EVs and PCa management.Key content and findingsEVs contain pathogenic components, such as proteins, DNA fragments, mRNA, non-coding RNA, and lipids, all of which can trigger intercellular signaling within tumor microenvironments. Thereby, EVs exert significant effects on several stages of cancer progression, influencing the immune system, angiogenesis, and the establishment of pre-metastatic niches. Furthermore, as EVs are encapsulated, their contents are stable in bodily fluids, and thus EVs have recently attracted attention as a novel kind of liquid biopsy.ConclusionsWe have summarized recent research on how EVs may aid PCa management. To date, we have discovered only the tip of the iceberg. We anticipate that further research will yield innovative therapeutic modalities, thereby aiding all PCa patients.
| S-EPMC10999020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the cellular crosstalk by transferring bioactive molecules through biological barriers from a cell to another, thus influencing recipient cell functions and phenotype. Therefore, EVs are increasingly being explored as biomarkers of disease progression or response to therapy and as potential therapeutic agents in different contexts including in hematological malignancies. Recently, an EV role has emerged in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation often represents the only curative option in several hematological disorders, but it is associated with potentially life-threatening complications that can have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The most common complications have been well-established and include graft-versus-host disease and infections. Furthermore, relapse remains an important cause of treatment failure. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge, the potential applications, and clinical relevance of EVs in allo-HCT. Herein, we will mainly focus on the immune-modulating properties of EVs, in particular those derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, as potential therapeutic strategy to improve allo-HCT outcome. Moreover, we will briefly describe the main findings on EVs as biomarkers to monitor graft-versus-host disease onset and tumor relapse.
| S-EPMC7100658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of spherical vesicles that are produced by active secretion of cells and encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that EVs play pivotal roles in the regulation of intercellular communication between colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and target cells, and can regulate the proliferation, metastasis, and infiltration of tumor cells by regulating the microenvironment of tumor cells. EVs carry specific molecular substances in source CRC cells and are expected to serve as new molecular markers for the detection of cancers. This review highlights the current state of research and progress of potentially incorporating EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
| S-EPMC10331217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale membranous vesicles containing DNAs, RNAs, lipids and proteins, have emerged as promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents for skin diseases. Here, we summarize the basic physiology of the skin and the biological characteristic of EVs. Further, we describe the applications of EVs in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as skin infection, inflammatory skin diseases, skin repair and rejuvenation and skin cancer. In particular, plant-derived EVs and clinical trials are discussed. In addition, challenges and perspectives related to the preclinical and clinical applications of EVs are highlighted.
| S-EPMC8434831 | biostudies-literature