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STING-mediated degradation of IFI16 negatively regulates apoptosis by inhibiting p53 phosphorylation at serine 392.

ABSTRACT: Interferon-γ-inducible factor 16 (IFI16) triggers stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING)-dependent type I IFN production during host antiviral immunity and facilitates p53-dependent apoptosis during suppressing tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that STING-mediated IFI16 degradation negatively regulates type I IFN production. However, it is unknown whether STING also suppresses IFI16/p53-dependent apoptosis via degradation of IFI16. Here, our results from flow cytometry apoptosis detection and immunoblot assays show that IFI16 and nutlin-3, a p53 pathway activator, synergistically induce apoptosis in U2OS and A549 cells. Protein kinase R-triggered phosphorylation of p53 at serine 392 is critical for the IFI16-p53-dependent apoptosis. However, overexpression of STING suppresses p53 serine 392 phosphorylation, p53 transcriptional activity, expression of p53 target genes, and p53-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. In summary, our current study demonstrates that STING-mediated IFI16 degradation negatively regulates IFI16-mediated p53-dependent apoptosis in osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells, which suggests a protumorigenic role for STING in certain cancer types because of its potent ability to degrade upstream IFI16.

SUBMITTER: Li D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8326736 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Serine 392 phosphorylation modulates p53 mitochondrial translocation and transcription-independent apoptosis.

Project description:The tumor suppressor p53 is a key regulator of apoptosis induced by various cellular stresses. p53 can induce apoptosis by two mechanisms. First, p53 acts as a transcription factor inducing and repressing pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic targets genes, respectively. Second, p53 is able to translocate to the mitochondria, where it interacts with BCL-2 family members to induce membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. p53 transcriptional activity is regulated by a set of post-translational modifications that have been well documented. However, how these modifications impact the direct mitochondrial pathway of death remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of serine 392 phosphorylation in the control of p53-dependent apoptosis. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to substitute serine 392 by a non-phosphorylatable alanine in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. The S392A mutant displayed normal transcriptional activity following genotoxic stress, but markedly impaired ability to localize to mitochondria. The decreased mitochondrial localization of the S392A mutant correlated with a lower ability to induce apoptosis. Confirmatory observations were made following enforced expression of the S392A p53 mutant or a phospho-mimetic S392E mutant in H1299 lung carcinoma cells. Our observations support the premise that serine 392 phosphorylation of p53 influences its mitochondrial translocation and transcription-independent apoptotic function.

| S-EPMC5729520 | biostudies-literature

Acetylation of lysine 382 and phosphorylation of serine 392 in p53 modulate the interaction between p53 and MDC1 in vitro.

Project description:Occurrence of DNA damage in a cell activates the DNA damage response, a survival mechanism that ensures genomics stability. Two key members of the DNA damage response are the tumor suppressor p53, which is the most frequently mutated gene in cancers, and MDC1, which is a central adaptor that recruits many proteins to sites of DNA damage. Here we characterize the in vitro interaction between p53 and MDC1 and demonstrate that p53 and MDC1 directly interact. The p53-MDC1 interaction is mediated by the tandem BRCT domain of MDC1 and the C-terminal domain of p53. We further show that both acetylation of lysine 382 and phosphorylation of serine 392 in p53 enhance the interaction between p53 and MDC1. Additionally, we demonstrate that the p53-MDC1 interaction is augmented upon the induction of DNA damage in human cells. Our data suggests a new role for acetylation of lysine 382 and phosphorylation of serine 392 in p53 in the cellular stress response and offers the first evidence for an interaction involving MDC1 that is modulated by acetylation.

| S-EPMC3806821 | biostudies-literature

UBE4B targets phosphorylated p53 at serines 15 and 392 for degradation.

Project description:Phosphorylation of p53 is a key mechanism responsible for the activation of its tumor suppressor functions in response to various stresses. In unstressed cells, p53 is rapidly turned over and is maintained at a low basal level. After DNA damage or other forms of cellular stress, the p53 level increases, and the protein becomes metabolically stable. However, the mechanism of phosphorylated p53 regulation is unclear. In this study, we studied the kinetics of UBE4B, Hdm2, Pirh2, Cop1 and CHIP induction in response to p53 activation. We show that UBE4B coimmunoprecipitates with phosphorylated p53 at serines 15 and 392. Notably, the affinity between UBE4B and Hdm2 is greatly decreased after DNA damage. Furthermore, we observe that UBE4B promotes endogenous phospho-p53(S15) and phospho-p53(S392) degradation in response to IR. We demonstrate that UBE4B and Hdm2 repress p53S15A, p53S392A, and p53-2A(S15A, S392A) functions, including p53-dependent transactivation and growth inhibition. Overall, our results reveal that UBE4B plays an important role in regulating phosphorylated p53 following DNA damage.

| S-EPMC4823074 | biostudies-literature

TRIM29 negatively controls antiviral immune response through targeting STING for degradation.

Project description:Innate immune system is armed by several lines of pattern recognition receptors to sense various viral infection and to initiate antiviral immune response. This process is under a tight control and the negative feedback induced by infection and/or inflammation is critical to maintain immune homoeostasis and to prevent autoimmune disorders, however, the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here we report TRIM29, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, functions as an inducible negative regulator of innate immune response triggered by DNA virus and cytosolic DNA. DNA virus and cytosolic DNA stimulation induce TRIM29 expression robustly in macrophages and dendritic cells, although the basal level of TRIM29 is undetectable in those cells. TRIM29 deficiency elevates IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokine production upon viral DNA and cytosolic dsDNA stimulation. Consistently, in vivo experiments show that TRIM29-deficient mice are more resistant to HSV-1 infection than WT controls, indicated by better survival rate and reduced viral load in organs. Mechanism studies suggest that STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway in TRIM29 KO cells is significantly enhanced and the degradation of STING is impaired. Furthermore, we identify that TRIM29 targets STING for K48 ubiquitination and degradation. This study reveals TRIM29 as a crucial negative regulator in immune response to DNA virus and cytosolic DNA, preventing potential damage caused by overcommitted immune responses.

| S-EPMC5859251 | biostudies-literature

Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 46 contributes to target gene selectivity of p53

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2011-03-24 | E-GEOD-22186 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 46 contributes to target gene selectivity of p53 (Exon)

Project description:The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in cellular growth control inducing a plethora of cellular response pathways. The molecular mechanisms that discriminate between the distinct p53-responses towards different stress treatments have remained largely elusive. Here, we have analyzed the p53-regulated pathways induced by two chemotherapeutical treatments, Actinomycin D inducing growth arrest and Etoposide resulting in apoptosis. We found that the genome-wide p53-binding patterns are almost identical upon both treatments notwithstanding transcriptional differences that we observed in genome-wide transcriptome analysis. To assess the role of post-translational modifications in target gene choice and activation we investigated the extent of phosphorylation of Serine 46 of p53 bound to DNA (p53-pS46), a modification that has been linked to apoptosis-pathways, and the extent of phosphorylation of Serine 15 (p53-pS15), a general p53-activation mark. Interestingly, the overall extent of S46 phosphorylation of p53 bound to DNA is considerably higher in cells directed towards apoptosis while the degree of phosphorylation at S15 of DNA bound p53 remains highly similar upon both treatments. Moreover, our data suggest that, following different chemotherapeutical treatments, the extent of chromatin-associated p53 phosphorylated at S46 but not at pS15 is higher on certain apoptosis related target genes, including the BAX and PUMA genes. These data provide evidence that cell fate decisions are not made primarily on the level of general p53 DNA-binding, but possibly through post-translational modifications of chromatin bound p53. Microarray analysis (Affymetrix Human Exon array) of the p53 response in U2OS cells treated with either Etoposide or Actinomycin D

2011-03-23 | E-GEOD-22184 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 46 contributes to target gene selectivity of p53 (ChIP-seq)

Project description:The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in cellular growth control inducing a plethora of cellular response pathways. The molecular mechanisms that discriminate between the distinct p53-responses towards different stress treatments have remained largely elusive. Here, we have analyzed the p53-regulated pathways induced by two chemotherapeutical treatments, Actinomycin D inducing growth arrest and Etoposide resulting in apoptosis. We found that the genome-wide p53-binding patterns are almost identical upon both treatments notwithstanding transcriptional differences that we observed in genome-wide transcriptome analysis. To assess the role of post-translational modifications in target gene choice and activation we investigated the extent of phosphorylation of Serine 46 of p53 bound to DNA (p53-pS46), a modification that has been linked to apoptosis-pathways, and the extent of phosphorylation of Serine 15 (p53-pS15), a general p53-activation mark. Interestingly, the overall extent of S46 phosphorylation of p53 bound to DNA is considerably higher in cells directed towards apoptosis while the degree of phosphorylation at S15 of DNA bound p53 remains highly similar upon both treatments. Moreover, our data suggest that, following different chemotherapeutical treatments, the extent of chromatin-associated p53 phosphorylated at S46 but not at pS15 is higher on certain apoptosis related target genes, including the BAX and PUMA genes. These data provide evidence that cell fate decisions are not made primarily on the level of general p53 DNA-binding, but possibly through post-translational modifications of chromatin bound p53. ChIP-seq profiles of p53, p53phosphorylated at Serine 15 (p53-pS15) and p53 phosphorylated at Serine 46 (p53-pS46) in U2OS cells treated with either Actinomycin D or Etoposide.

2011-03-24 | E-GEOD-21939 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 46 contributes to target gene selectivity of p53

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2011-03-24 | GSE22186 | GEO

DeltaNp63 transcriptionally regulates ATM to control p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation.

Project description:BACKGROUND: DeltaNp63alpha is an epithelial progenitor cell marker that maintains epidermal stem cell self-renewal capacity. Previous studies revealed that UV-damage induced p53 phosphorylation is confined to DeltaNp63alpha-positive cells in the basal layer of human epithelium. RESULTS: We now report that phosphorylation of the p53 tumour suppressor is positively regulated by DeltaNp63alpha in immortalised human keratinocytes. DeltaNp63alpha depletion by RNAi reduces steady-state ATM mRNA and protein levels, and attenuates p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Conversely, ectopic expression of DeltaNp63alpha in p63-null tumour cells stimulates ATM transcription and p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. We show that ATM is a direct DeltaNp63alpha transcriptional target and that the DeltaNp63alpha response element localizes to the ATM promoter CCAAT sequence. Structure-function analysis revealed that the DeltaNp63-specific TA2 transactivation domain mediates ATM transcription in coordination with the DNA binding and SAM domains. CONCLUSIONS: Germline p63 point mutations are associated with a range of ectodermal developmental disorders, and targeted p63 deletion in the skin causes premature ageing. The DeltaNp63alpha-ATM-p53 damage-response pathway may therefore function in epithelial development, carcinogenesis and the ageing processes.

| S-EPMC3098010 | biostudies-literature

Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 46 contributes to target gene selectivity of p53 (Exon)

2011-03-24 | GSE22184 | GEO

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