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Effects of long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript on retinal neovascularization in a newborn mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

ABSTRACT: Whether long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript is involved in oxygen-induced retinopathy remains poorly understood. To validate this hypothesis, we established a newborn mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy by feeding in an oxygen concentration of 75 ± 2% from postnatal day 8 to postnatal day 12, followed by in normal air. On postnatal day 11, the mice were injected with the myocardial infarction-associated transcript siRNA plasmid via the vitreous cavity to knockdown long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript siRNA transcription significantly inhibited myocardial infarction-associated transcript mRNA expression, reduced the phosphatidylinosital-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor immunopositivities, protein and mRNA expression, and alleviated the pathological damage to the retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. These findings suggest that myocardial infarction-associated transcript is likely involved in the retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and that inhibition of myocardial infarction-associated transcript can downregulate phosphatidylinosital-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels and inhibit neovascularization. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China (approval No. 2016PS074K) on February 25, 2016.

SUBMITTER: Di Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8328761 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interleukin-19 Promotes Retinal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Project description:PurposeRetinal neovascularization is a major cause of blindness. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-19 and the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).MethodsC57BL/6J wild-type mice and IL-19 knockout (KO) mice were used to establish an OIR mouse model. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with or without recombinant IL-19 (rIL-19) stimulation were injected intravitreally. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mRNA expressions. ELISA and western blotting were performed to assess the protein levels. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to assess retinal neovascularization. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) stimulated with rIL-19 were cultured to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation and migration.ResultsThe level of IL-19 was significantly elevated at postnatal day 17 in OIR retinas. Both the avascular areas and pathological neovascular tufts were significantly increased in rIL-19-treated OIR retinas and suppressed in IL-19 KO retinas. IL-19 KO mice suppressed expression of ARG1, VEGFA, and pSTAT3. Moreover, BMDMs stimulated by rIL-19 enhanced that expression and suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The proliferation and migration of HRECs were significantly augmented by rIL-19. In addition, intravitreal injection of BMDMs stimulated by rIL-19 enhanced retinal neovascularization.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IL-19 enhances pathological neovascularization through a direct effect on microvascular endothelial cells and the promotion of M2 macrophage polarization. The inhibition of IL-19 may be a potential treatment for retinal neovascularization.

| S-EPMC9284469 | biostudies-literature

Accelerated oxygen-induced retinopathy is a reliable model of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization.

Project description:Retinal ischemia and pathological angiogenesis cause severe impairment of sight. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in young mice is widely used as a model to investigate the underlying pathological mechanisms and develop therapeutic interventions. We compared directly the conventional OIR model (exposure to 75% O2 from postnatal day (P) 7 to P12) with an alternative, accelerated version (85% O2 from P8 to P11). We found that accelerated OIR induces similar pre-retinal neovascularization but greater retinal vascular regression that recovers more rapidly. The extent of retinal gliosis is similar but neuroretinal function, as measured by electroretinography, is better maintained in the accelerated model. We found no systemic or maternal morbidity in either model. Accelerated OIR offers a safe, reliable and more rapid alternative model in which pre-retinal neovascularization is similar but retinal vascular regression is greater.

| S-EPMC5484470 | biostudies-literature

Interleukin-12 inhibits pathological neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Project description:Hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization is a major pathological condition in many vision-threatening diseases. In the present study, we determined whether interleukin (IL)-12, a cytokine that regulates angiogenesis, plays a role in the neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). We found that the expressions of the mRNAs of both IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were significantly reduced in the OIR retinas compared to that of the room air-raised control. The sizes of the avascular areas and neovascular tufts were larger in IL-12p40 knock-out (KO) mice than that in wild type (WT) mice. In addition, an intravitreal injection of recombinant IL-12 reduced both avascular areas and neovascular tufts. IL-12 injection enhanced the expressions of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and other downstream chemokines. In an in vitro system, IL-12 had no significant effect on tube formation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Moreover, a blockade of IFN-γ suppressed the inhibitory effect of IL-12 on pathological neovascularization. These results suggest that IL-12 plays important roles in inhibiting pathological retinal neovascularization.

| S-EPMC4911585 | biostudies-literature

MEF2C ablation in endothelial cells reduces retinal vessel loss and suppresses pathologic retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Project description:Ischemic retinopathies, including retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, are major causes of blindness. Both have two phases, vessel loss and consequent hypoxia-driven pathologic retinal neovascularization, yet relatively little is known about the transcription factors regulating these processes. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) C, a member of the MEF2 family of transcription factors that plays an important role in multiple developmental programs, including the cardiovascular system, seems to have a significant functional role in the vasculature. We, therefore, generated endothelial cell (EC)-specific MEF2C-deficient mice and explored the role of MEF2C in retinal vascularization during normal development and in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Ablation of MEF2C did not cause appreciable defects in normal retinal vascular development. However, MEF2C ablation in ECs suppressed vessel loss in oxygen-induced retinopathy and strongly promoted vascular regrowth, consequently reducing retinal avascularity. This finding was associated with suppression of pathologic retinal angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier dysfunction. MEF2C knockdown in cultured retinal ECs using small-interfering RNAs rescued ECs from death and stimulated tube formation under stress conditions, confirming the endothelial-autonomous and antiangiogenic roles of MEF2C. HO-1 was induced by MEF2C knockdown in vitro and may play a role in the proangiogenic effect of MEF2C knockdown on retinal EC tube formation. Thus, MEF2C may play an antiangiogenic role in retinal ECs under stress conditions, and modulation of MEF2C may prevent pathologic retinal neovascularization.

| S-EPMC3378855 | biostudies-literature

Beta-lapachone inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy via regulation of HIF-1?.

Project description:Retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of blindness for children. Despite evidence that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1? -VEGF axis is associated with the pathogenesis of ROP, the inhibitors of HIF-1? have not been established as a therapeutic target in the control of ROP pathophysiology. We investigated the hypothesis that degradation of HIF-1? as a master regulator of angiogenesis in hypoxic condition, using ?-lapachone, would confer protection against hypoxia-induced retinopathy without affecting physiological vascular development in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), an animal model of ROP. The effects of ?-lapachone were examined after intraocular injection in mice with OIR. Intraocular administration of ?-lapachone resulted in significant reduction in hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization without retinal toxicity or perturbation of developmental retinal angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that HIF-1?-mediated VEGF expression in OIR is associated with pathological neovascularization, not physiological angiogenesis. Thus, strategies blocking HIF-1? in the developing eye in the pathological hypoxia could serve as a novel therapeutic target for ROP.

| S-EPMC4119393 | biostudies-literature

Early Depletion of Neutrophils Reduces Retinal Inflammation and Neovascularization in Mice with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Project description:Retinal inflammation is a central feature of ocular neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, but the contribution of neutrophils to this process is not fully understood. We studied oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) which develops in two phases, featuring hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration in phase I, followed by retinal neovascularization in phase II. As neutrophils are acute responders to tissue damage, we evaluated whether neutrophil depletion with an anti-Ly6G mAb administered in phase I OIR influenced retinal inflammation and vascular injury. Neutrophils were measured in blood and spleen via flow cytometry, and myeloperoxidase, an indicator of neutrophil activity, was evaluated in the retina using Western blotting. Retinal vasculopathy was assessed by quantitating vaso-obliteration, neovascularization, vascular leakage, and VEGF levels. The inflammatory factors, TNF, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in retina. In the OIR controls, neutrophils were increased in the blood and spleen in phase I but not phase II OIR. In OIR, the anti-Ly6G mAb reduced neutrophils in the blood and spleen, and myeloperoxidase, inflammation, and vasculopathy in the retina. Our findings revealed that the early rise in neutrophils in OIR primes the retina for an inflammatory and angiogenic response that promotes severe damage to the retinal vasculature.

| S-EPMC10648252 | biostudies-literature

Increased expression and activity of 12-lipoxygenase in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: implications in retinal neovascularization.

Project description:ObjectiveArachidonic acid is metabolized by 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and has an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration. The goal of this study was to investigate whether 12-LOX plays a role in retinal neovascularization (NV).Research design and methodsExperiments were performed using retinas from a murine model of oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) that was treated with and without the LOX pathway inhibitor, baicalein, or lacking 12-LOX. We also analyzed vitreous samples from patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to assess the expression of 12-LOX, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to assess the amounts of HETEs in the murine retina and human vitreous samples. The effects of 12-HETE on VEGF and PEDF expression were evaluated in Müller cells (rMCs), primary mouse retinal pigment epithelial cells, and astrocytes.ResultsRetinal NV during OIR was associated with increased 12-LOX expression and 12-, 15-, and 5-HETE production. The amounts of HETEs also were significantly higher in the vitreous of diabetic patients with PDR. Retinal NV was markedly abrogated in mice treated with baicalein or mice lacking 12-LOX. This was associated with decreased VEGF expression and restoration of PEDF levels. PEDF expression was reduced in 12-HETE-treated rMCs, astrocytes, and the retinal pigment epithelium. Only rMCs and astrocytes showed increased VEGF expression by 12-HETE.Conclusions12-LOX and its product HETE are important regulators of retinal NV through modulation of VEGF and PEDF expression and could provide a new therapeutic target to prevent and treat ischemic retinopathy.

| S-EPMC3028363 | biostudies-literature

HIF-1? siRNA reduces retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of HIF-1? specific siRNA expression vector pSUPERH1-siHIF-1? on retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS:Forty-eight newborn C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups (n=24 apiece) to create the model of ROP following the methods described by Smith et al. Twelve days after birth, the experimental group received intravitreal injection with pSUPERH1-siHIF-1?; meanwhile, mice in the control group were injected with empty vectors. The expressions of HIF-1? and vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) in the retina were examined by Western blotting in both groups. The differences in the neovascular endothelial cell count were compared based on the FITC-Dextran fluorescence stretched preparation/sections. RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the expressions of HIF-1? and VEGF significantly decreased in the experimental group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the number of retinal neovascular endothelial nuclei that had protruded the internal limiting membrane was significantly lower in the experimental group than in control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:RNA interference targeting HIF-1? can effectively inhibit the retinal neovascularization of ROP.

| S-EPMC4728947 | biostudies-literature

Long Non-Coding RNA of Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (LncRNA-MIAT) Promotes Diabetic Retinopathy by Upregulating Transforming Growth Factor-?1 (TGF-?1) Signaling.

Project description:BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA of myocardial infarction associated transcript (lncRNA-MIAT) has a reported role in microvascular dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-MIAT and its effects on transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) signaling in patients with diabetic retinopathy and in ARPE-19 adult retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study participants provided plasma samples and included patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=52), patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (n=63), and healthy controls (n=56). Plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT and TGF-?1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the plasma data, and the diagnostic relevance of plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT for diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, were cultured in high glucose with construction and transfection of a MIAT expression plasmid vector. Viability of ARPE-19 cells was detected by the MTT assay and Western blot measured the expression levels of TGF-?1. RESULTS Plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT were significantly increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy and with healthy controls. ARPE-19 cells cultured in a high glucose environment showed reduced cell viability and upregulation of lncRNA-MIAT expression. CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT were significantly associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, and increased expression of lncRNA-MIAT reduced the viability of ARPE-19 cells in vitro by upregulating TGF-?1 signaling.

| S-EPMC6328291 | biostudies-other

The mechanism of CCN1-enhanced retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy through PI3K/Akt-VEGF signaling pathway.

Project description:BackgroundCCN1 (also called Cyr 61) is an extracellular matrix signaling molecule that has been implicated in neovascularization through its interactions with several endothelial integrin receptors. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis are well described. The aim of this study was to investigate the signal transduction mechanism of CCN1-PI3K/Akt-VEGF in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and the effects of CCN1 knockdown on ROP.MethodsThe oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model was established in C57BL/6J mice exposed to a high concentration of oxygen. Retinas were obtained from the normoxia, OIR, OIR control (treated with scramble siRNA) and OIR treated (with CCN1 siRNA) groups. Retinal neovascularization (RNV) was qualitatively analyzed with ADPase staining and quantitatively analyzed by counting neovascular endothelial cell nuclei at postnatal day 17 when RNV reached a peak. mRNA level and protein expression of CCN1, p-Akt, and VEGF were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, and located with immunohistochemistry.ResultsCCN1 depletion resulted in less neovascularization clock hour scores in the number of preretinal neovascular cells compared with the OIR treated group (1.28±0.83 versus 4.80±0.82; and 7.12±2.50 versus 23.25±2.35, respectively, both P<0.05). Furthermore, CCN1, p-Akt and VEGF mRNA, and protein were significantly expressed in the retina of the OIR and OIR control groups. Intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA significantly reduced PI3K/Akt-VEGF pathway expression of the OIR mouse model (all P<0.05). CCN1 siRNA significantly enhanced the avascular area and avascular diameter of OIR model (P<0.05). CCN1 siRNA decreased the levels of IL-1?, IL-6, and TNF-? significantly compared to the OIR group (P<0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV via the PI3K/Akt-VEGF signaling pathway. CCN1 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.

| S-EPMC4425238 | biostudies-literature

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