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Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all.

ABSTRACT: Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature state. The estimation of age of peak height velocity (PHV) or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment (%EASA) is typically used to inform the training process in young athletes. In youth soccer, maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals, particularly around PHV. During this time, players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related injury. As a result, the implementation of training interventions can be challenging. The purpose of this review was to (1) highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and (2) discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury risk. We have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status (Supplementary Maturity Estimation Tools). Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process, practitioners should be aware of its limitations. To increase the accuracy and usefulness of data, it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

SUBMITTER: Towlson C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8343060 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all.

Towlson Chris C Salter Jamie J Ade Jack D JD Enright Kevin K Harper Liam D LD Page Richard M RM Malone James J JJ

Journal of sport and health science 20200919 4

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature state. The estimation of age of peak height velocity (PHV) or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment (%EASA) is typically used to inform the training process in young athletes. In youth soccer, maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals, particularly around PHV. During this time, players are also at an increased risk of ...[more]

PMID: 32961300

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Project description:ObjectiveThe present systematic review aimed to provide an overview of training load (TL), along with their responses, monitoring during training sessions in highly trained and elite adult women soccer players.Data sourceElectronic databases searches (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ebsco) for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals were conducted, and eligibility criteria were based on the PICOS model in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Study selectionStudies were considered as follows: (a) highly trained and elite adult (>18 years) women's soccer players; (b) continuous (minimum 1-week duration) TL monitoring in the context of the team routine; (c) TL collected from entire training session. Methodological qualitative assessments and risk of bias criteria were used for judging the studies.Data extractionA total of 1,163 studies were identified, and 16 were included. The selected studies were fully screened to extract the population characteristics; the number of players; a type of study design; region where the study was performed; the main findings.Data synthesisAccumulated external TL (ETL) during the pre-season was positively correlated to enhanced adaptations in intermittent exercise capacity. Daily ETL was negatively correlated to next-day self-reported fatigue and muscle soreness. Daily internal TL (ITL) was negatively correlated to post-session sleep duration and sleep efficiency. One study showed that higher accumulated player load and total distance were associated with injury.ConclusionInformation about TL during training sessions in women soccer players is very sparse, and it is currently very difficult to consider evidence-based practices for training sessions in highly trained and elite adult women soccer players. Moreover, the dose-response relationships between TL and training outcome (e.g., fatigue, training adaptations and injuries) need to be further explored to understand the optimal training stimulus to enhance performance outcomes while preserving player health.

Project description:BackgroundComplex contrast training (CCT) is potentially an efficient method to improve physical abilities such as muscle strength, power output, speed, agility, are extremely important in developing soccer players of different age categories.AimThis study aimed to analyze the effects of 6 weeks of CCT program applied in different training frequency (sessions per week) on youth soccer players performance.MethodsTwenty-one youth soccer players (age: 15.3 ± 1.1 years; body mass 64.9 ± 0.7 kg; height 175.4 ± 0.7 cm) were randomized into three groups: a regular pre-season training control group (G0, n = 8), a group with regular pre-season training plus twice-a-week CCT (G2, n = 6), and a group with regular pre-season training plus thrice-a-week CCT (G3, n = 7). The CCT consisted of soccer skills-based exercises distributed across five stations, to be performed before common regular practice during a 6-week pre-season period. The agility (505 Agility test), sprint (S5 and S15), jump (SJ and CMJ), and free kick speed (11 m from the goal) of the groups were analyzed pre- and post-CCT intervention. During a 6-week pre-season period, the players integrated CCT into their regular training sessions. Furthermore, performance variables were compared between the groups.ResultsA statistical difference was identified for the timepoint for the players' CMJ (p = 0.023; η2 = 0.343) and the free kick speed (p = 0.013; η2 = 0.383) using ANOVA. The G3 showed a significant improvement in the CMJ (p = 0.001) and the free kick speed (p = 0.003) between pre- to post-CCT test. No other significant changes in performance were observed (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe CCT training program with a weekly frequency of 3 days per week is effective in improving free kick speed and CMJ performance in young male soccer players (U-15 and U-17 categories). CCT training programs have the potential to refine an athlete's preparation for competition. However, certain performance tests did not demonstrate substantial enhancements. Consequently, additional investigations are required to ascertain the effectiveness of CCT.

Dataset Information

Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all.

Publications

Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all.

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