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Effects of Lipidation on a Proline-Rich Antibacterial Peptide.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a worldwide health problem. Antimicrobial peptides have been recognized as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics, but still require optimization. The proline-rich antimicrobial peptide Bac7(1-16) is active against only a limited number of Gram-negative bacteria. It kills bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis after its internalization, which is mainly supported by the bacterial transporter SbmA. In this study, we tested two different lipidated forms of Bac7(1-16) with the aim of extending its activity against those bacterial species that lack SbmA. We linked a C12-alkyl chain or an ultrashort cationic lipopeptide Lp-I to the C-terminus of Bac7(1-16). Both the lipidated Bac-C12 and Bac-Lp-I forms acquired activity at low micromolar MIC values against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, unlike Bac7(1-16), Bac-C12, and Bac-Lp-I did not select resistant mutants in E. coli after 14 times of exposure to sub-MIC concentrations of the respective peptide. We demonstrated that the extended spectrum of activity and absence of de novo resistance are likely related to the acquired capability of the peptides to permeabilize cell membranes. These results indicate that C-terminal lipidation of a short proline-rich peptide profoundly alters its function and mode of action and provides useful insights into the design of novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.

SUBMITTER: Armas F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8347091 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PR-AMPs) are a group of cationic host defense peptides that are characterized by a high content of proline residues. Up to now, they have been reported in some insects, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, but are not found in plants. In this study, we performed an in silico screening of antimicrobial peptides, which led to discovery of a Brassica napus gene encoding a novel PR-AMP. This gene encodes a 35-amino acid peptide with 13 proline residues, designated BnPRP1. BnPRP1 has 40.5% identity with a known proline-rich antimicrobial peptide SP-B from the pig. BnPRP1 was artificially synthetized and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a/His-EDDIE-GFP. Recombinant BnPRP1 was produced in Escherichia coli and has a predicted molecular mass of 3.8 kDa. Analysis of its activity demonstrated that BnPRP1 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium, Gram-negative bacterium, yeast and also had strong antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Mucor sp., Magnaporthe oryzae and Botrytis cinerea. Circular dichroism (CD) revealed the main secondary structure of BnPRP1 was the random coil. BnPRP1 gene expression detected by qRT-PCR is responsive to pathogen inoculation. At 48 hours after S. sclerotiorum inoculation, the expression of BnPRP1 increased significantly in the susceptible lines while slight decrease occurred in resistant lines. These suggested that BnPRP1 might play a role in the plant defense response against S. sclerotiorum. BnPRP1 isolated from B. napus was the first PR-AMP member that was characterized in plants, and its homology sequences were found in some other Brassicaceae plants by the genome sequences analysis. Compared with the known PR-AMPs, BnPRP1 has the different primary sequences and antimicrobial activity. Above all, this study gives a chance to cast a new light on further understanding about the AMPs' mechanism and application.

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Effects of Lipidation on a Proline-Rich Antibacterial Peptide.

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