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Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: In COVID-19, immune responses are key in determining disease severity. However, cellular mechanisms at the onset of inflammatory lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly involving endothelial cells, remain ill-defined. Using Syrian hamsters as a model for moderate COVID-19, we conduct a detailed longitudinal analysis of systemic and pulmonary cellular responses, and corroborate it with datasets from COVID-19 patients. Monocyte-derived macrophages in lungs exert the earliest and strongest transcriptional response to infection, including induction of pro-inflammatory genes, while epithelial cells show weak alterations. Without evidence for productive infection, endothelial cells react, depending on cell subtypes, by strong and early expression of anti-viral, pro-inflammatory, and T cell recruiting genes. Recruitment of cytotoxic T cells as well as emergence of IgM antibodies precede viral clearance at day 5 post infection. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters thus identifies cell type-specific effector functions, providing detailed insights into pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and informing therapeutic strategies.

SUBMITTER: Nouailles G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8357947 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19.

Nouailles Geraldine G Wyler Emanuel E Pennitz Peter P Postmus Dylan D Vladimirova Daria D Kazmierski Julia J Pott Fabian F Dietert Kristina K Muelleder Michael M Farztdinov Vadim V Obermayer Benedikt B Wienhold Sandra-Maria SM Andreotti Sandro S Hoefler Thomas T Sawitzki Birgit B Drosten Christian C Sander Leif E LE Suttorp Norbert N Ralser Markus M Beule Dieter D Gruber Achim D AD Goffinet Christine C Landthaler Markus M Trimpert Jakob J Witzenrath Martin M

Nature communications 20210811 1

In COVID-19, immune responses are key in determining disease severity. However, cellular mechanisms at the onset of inflammatory lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly involving endothelial cells, remain ill-defined. Using Syrian hamsters as a model for moderate COVID-19, we conduct a detailed longitudinal analysis of systemic and pulmonary cellular responses, and corroborate it with datasets from COVID-19 patients. Monocyte-derived macrophages in lungs exert the earliest and stronges ...[more]

PMID: 34381043

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Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19.

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Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19.

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