Dataset Information

Rapid whole-blood assay to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell immunity following a single dose of AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 vaccine.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

With the ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential to evade vaccine-induced neutralisation, understanding the magnitude and breadth of vaccine-induced T-cell immunity will be critical for the ongoing optimisation of vaccine approaches. Strategies that provide a rapid and easily translatable means of assessing virus-specific T-cell responses provide an opportunity to monitor the impact of vaccine rollouts in the community. In this study, we assessed whether our recently developed SARS-CoV-2 whole-blood assay could be used effectively to analyse T-cell responses following vaccination.

Methods

Following a median of 15 days after the first dose of the ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca^®) vaccine, peripheral blood was isolated from 58 participants. Blood was incubated overnight with an overlapping set of spike protein peptides and assessed for cytokine production using a cytometric bead array.

Results

The majority of vaccine recipients (51/58) generated a T helper 1 response (IFN-γ and/or IL-2) following a single dose of ChAdOx1-S. The magnitude of the IFN-γ and IL-2 response strongly correlated in vaccine recipients. While the production of other cytokines was evident in individuals who did not generate IFN-γ and IL-2, they showed no correlation in magnitude, nor did we see a correlation between sex or age and the magnitude of the response.

Conclusions

The whole-blood cytokine assay provides a rapid approach to assessing T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccine recipients. While the majority of participants generated a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response following their first dose, some did not, demonstrating the likely importance of the booster dose in improving T-cell immunity.

SUBMITTER: Lineburg KE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8360255 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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