Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

27 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Endogenous retroviruses promote homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota.

ABSTRACT: The microbiota plays a fundamental role in regulating host immunity. However, the processes involved in the initiation and regulation of immunity to the microbiota remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the skin microbiota promotes the discrete expression of defined endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Keratinocyte-intrinsic responses to ERVs depended on cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) signaling and promoted the induction of commensal-specific T cells. Inhibition of ERV reverse transcription significantly impacted these responses, resulting in impaired immunity to the microbiota and its associated tissue repair function. Conversely, a lipid-enriched diet primed the skin for heightened ERV- expression in response to commensal colonization, leading to increased immune responses and tissue inflammation. Together, our results support the idea that the host may have co-opted its endogenous virome as a means to communicate with the exogenous microbiota, resulting in a multi-kingdom dialog that controls both tissue homeostasis and inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Lima-Junior DS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8381240 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2021-05-05 | GSE160688 | GEO

Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota [RNA-seq]

Project description:The microbiota plays a fundamental role in regulating host immunity. However, the processes that initiate homeostatic immunity to the microbiota remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the skin microbiota promotes the discrete expression of defined endogenous retrovirus (ERVs). Keratinocyte-intrinsic responses to ERVs depended on cGAS/STING signaling and promoted the induction commensal specific T cells including CD8+, CD4+ and MAIT cells. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase significantly impacted these responses resulting in impaired homeostatic immunity to the microbiota and associated tissue repair function. Conversely, diets that caused an increase in dietary lipids primed the skin for aberrant ERV expression in response to commensal colonization, leading to tissue inflammation. Together, our results support the idea that the host may have coopted its endogenous virome as a means to communicate with the exogenous microbial microbiota, resulting in a multikingdom dialogue that controls both tissue homeostasis and inflammation.

2021-05-12 | GSE158519 | GEO

Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota [scRNA-seq]

Project description:How the homeostatic dialogue between the host and its microbiota is initiated remains largely unknown. Here, we show that immune response to the skin microbiota is dependent on activity of endogenous retroviruses. Notably, response to the microbiota promotes a discrete transcriptional induction of retroelements. As such, keratinocyte intrinsic sensing of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) derived DNA via cGAS/STING promotes the induction of commensal specific T cells including CD8+, CD4+ and MAIT cells. Consequently, inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity impairs both homeostatic immunity to the microbiota and associated tissue repair function. On the other hand, altered diet and in particular increase in dietary lipids primed the skin for aberrant ERV expression in the context of microbiota exposure leading to tissue inflammation. Together our results support the idea that the host may have coopted its endogenous virome as a means to communicate with exogenous microbiota resulting in a multikingdom dialogue that controls both tissue homeostasis and inflammation.

2021-05-05 | GSE158757 | GEO

Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota [RNA-seq 2]

2021-05-12 | GSE171751 | GEO

Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy.

Project description:B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)1,2. Although TLS have been found to correlate with improved patient survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the underlying mechanisms of this association remain elusive1,2. Here we investigate lung-resident B cell responses in patients from the TRACERx 421 (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy) and other lung cancer cohorts, and in a recently established immunogenic mouse model for lung adenocarcinoma3. We find that both human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas elicit local germinal centre responses and tumour-binding antibodies, and further identify endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope glycoproteins as a dominant anti-tumour antibody target. ERV-targeting B cell responses are amplified by ICB in both humans and mice, and by targeted inhibition of KRAS(G12C) in the mouse model. ERV-reactive antibodies exert anti-tumour activity that extends survival in the mouse model, and ERV expression predicts the outcome of ICB in human lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we find that effective immunotherapy in the mouse model requires CXCL13-dependent TLS formation. Conversely, therapeutic CXCL13 treatment potentiates anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with ICB. Our findings provide a possible mechanistic basis for the association of TLS with immunotherapy response.

| S-EPMC10115647 | biostudies-literature

Homeostatic PPARα Signaling Limits Inflammatory Responses to Commensal Microbiota in the Intestine.

Project description:Dietary lipids and their metabolites activate members of the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors and are critical for colonic health. The PPARα isoform plays a vital role in regulating inflammation in various disease settings, but its role in intestinal inflammation, commensal homeostasis, and mucosal immunity in the gut are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the PPARα pathway in innate immune cells orchestrates gut mucosal immunity and commensal homeostasis by regulating the expression of IL-22 and the antimicrobial peptides RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ, and calprotectin. Additionally, the PPARα pathway is critical for imparting regulatory phenotype in intestinal macrophages. PPARα deficiency in mice led to commensal dysbiosis in the gut, resulting in a microbiota-dependent increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and enhanced susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Pharmacological activation of this pathway decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated colonic inflammation. Taken together, these findings identify a new important innate immune function for the PPARα signaling pathway in regulating intestinal inflammation, mucosal immunity, and commensal homeostasis. Thus, the manipulation of the PPARα pathway could provide novel opportunities for enhancing mucosal immunity and treating intestinal inflammation.

| S-EPMC4875842 | biostudies-literature

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observe that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immunosuppressive signatures. We demonstrate that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) independent of its telomerase activity to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and trigger interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that TERT-induced ERV/interferon signalling stimulates the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induces the infiltration of suppressive T-cell populations with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERV/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

| S-EPMC8982579 | biostudies-literature

Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota

Project description:Endogenous retrovirus control of homeostatic and inflammatory responses to the microbiota

| PRJNA673971 | ENA

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observe that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immunosuppressive signatures. We demonstrate that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) independent of its telomerase activity to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and trigger interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that TERT-induced ERV/interferon signalling stimulates the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induces the infiltration of suppressive T cell populations with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERV/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

| S-SCDT-EMBOR-2021-52984V1 | biostudies-other

Neural Cell Responses Upon Exposure to Human Endogenous Retroviruses.

Project description:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral elements, which invaded the human germ line several million years ago. Subsequent retrotransposition events amplified these sequences, resulting in approximately 8% of the human genome being composed of HERV sequences today. These genetic elements, normally dormant within human genomes, can be (re)-activated by environmental factors such as infections with other viruses, leading to the expression of viral proteins and, in some instances, even to viral particle production. Several studies have shown that the expression of these retroviral elements correlates with the onset and progression of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further studies provided evidence on additional roles for HERVs in schizophrenia (SCZ). Since these diseases are still not well understood, HERVs might constitute a new category of pathogenic components that could significantly change our understanding of these pathologies. Moreover, knowledge about their mode of action might also help to develop novel and more powerful approaches for the treatment of these complex diseases. Therefore, the main scope of this review is a description of the current knowledge on the involvement of HERV-W and HERV-K in neurological disease specifically focusing on the effects they exert on neural cells of the central nervous system.

| S-EPMC6637040 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data