Contained: why it's better to display some products without a package.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11747-021-00800-3.
SUBMITTER: Szocs C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8390995 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:To explore high-stakes surgical decision making from the perspective of seniors and surgeons.A majority of older chronically ill patients would decline a low-risk procedure if the outcome was severe functional impairment. However, 25% of Medicare beneficiaries have surgery in their last 3 months of life, which may be inconsistent with their preferences. How patients make decisions to have surgery may contribute to this problem of unwanted care.We convened 4 focus groups at senior centers and 2 groups of surgeons in Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where we showed a video about a decision regarding a choice between surgery and palliative care. We used qualitative content analysis to identify themes about communication and explanatory models for end-of-life treatment decisions.Seniors (n = 37) and surgeons (n = 17) agreed that maximizing quality of life should guide treatment decisions for older patients. However, when faced with an acute choice between surgery and palliative care, seniors viewed this either as a choice between life and death or a decision about how to die. Although surgeons agreed that very frail patients should not have surgery, they held conflicting views about presenting treatment options.Seniors and surgeons highly value quality of life, but this notion is difficult to incorporate in acute surgical decisions. Some seniors use these values to consider a choice between surgery and palliative care, whereas others view this as a simple choice between life and death. Surgeons acknowledge challenges framing decisions and describe a clinical momentum that promotes surgical intervention.
| S-EPMC4492901 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nanoplastics with small particle size and high surface area/volume ratio make them easy to absorb environmental pollutants and affect their bioavailability. In this study, polystyrene nanoplastic beads (PS-NPBs) with a particle size of 100nm and sunscreen butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) contained in personal care products were chosen as target pollutants to study their developmental toxicity and interactive effects on zebrafish embryo. The exposure period was 2-12 hours post fertilization (hpf). The BMDBM and PS-NPBs significantly upregulated the genes related to antioxidant enzymes and downregulated the gene expression of aromatase and DNA methyltransferases, but the influenced genes were not exactly the same, and the combined exposure reduced the adverse effects on the expression of all genes. With the help of single-cell RNA sequencing technology, the neural mid cells were identified as the target cells of both pollutants, and brain development, head development and notch signaling pathway were the functions they commonly altered. The key genes and functions that are specifically affected by BMDBM and/or PS-NPBs were identified. The BMDBM mainly affect the differentiation and fate of neurons in central nervous system through the regulation of her5, her6, her11, lfng, pax2a and fgfr4. The PS-NPBs regulated the expression of olig2, foxg1a, fzd8b, six3a, rx1, lhx2b, nkx2.1a and sfrp5 to alter nervous system development, retinal development, and stem cell differentiation. The phenotypic responses of zebrafish larvae at 120 hpf were tested, and significant inhibition of locomotor activity was found, indicating that early disrupting effect on central nervous system would have a sustained impact on the behavior of zebrafish.
2020-09-12 | GSE157816 | GEO
Project description:We develop a strategy for haplotype analysis of PCR products that contained two adjacent heterozygous loci using sequencing with specific primers, allele-specific primers, and ddNTP-blocked primers. To validate its feasibility, two sets of PCR products, including two adjacent heterozygous SNPs, UGT1A1?6 (rs4148323) and UGT1A1?28 (rs8175347), and two adjacent heterozygous SNPs, K1637K (rs11176013) and S1647T (rs11564148), were analyzed. Haplotypes of PCR products, including UGT1A1?6 and UGT1A1?28, were successfully analyzed by Sanger sequencing with allele-specific primers. Also, haplotypes of PCR products, including K1637K and S1647T, could not be determined by Sanger sequencing with allele-specific primers but were successfully analyzed by pyrosequencing with ddNTP-blocked primers. As a result, this method is able to effectively haplotype two adjacent heterozygous PCR products. It is simple, fast, and irrespective of short read length of pyrosequencing. Overall, we fully hope it will provide a new promising technology to identify haplotypes of conventional PCR products in clinical samples.
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Project description:SUMMARY: Chimera is a Bioconductor package that organizes, annotates, analyses and validates fusions reported by different fusion detection tools; current implementation can deal with output from bellerophontes, chimeraScan, deFuse, fusionCatcher, FusionFinder, FusionHunter, FusionMap, mapSplice, Rsubread, tophat-fusion and STAR. The core of Chimera is a fusion data structure that can store fusion events detected with any of the aforementioned tools. Fusions are then easily manipulated with standard R functions or through the set of functionalities specifically developed in Chimera with the aim of supporting the user in managing fusions and discriminating false-positive results.
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Project description:BackgroundPackage leaflet provides information about medicinal product to the user. Printed leaflet is familiar and available, however poorly legible, especially when containing multiple languages. It is resourceful to update, has potential to go missing or get damaged, and is environmentally burdensome. The pharmaceutical manufacturers in the Baltic countries have been granted permission to market selected hospital medicinal products without printed package leaflet. The industrial pilot project is expected to promote availability of medicinal products and patient safety via increased access to medicinal information.ObjectiveOnly few countries in Europe have derogated from Article 58 of Directive 2001/83/EC. Knowledge about the effects of removal of paper package leaflet from the medicinal product is limited, and related publications are scarce. Current interview study is identifying the obstacles during the implementation of the industrial project, investigating the potential environmental impact, and searching for further opportunities for the package leaflet in development of medicinal products.MethodsReal-time person-to-person semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders were conducted, and transcripts were analysed by content analysis to identify themes.ResultsResults demonstrated general support for removing package leaflet from selected hospital products. Main difficulties of the industrial project regarded the need for clear communication and practical disadvantages of project setup. Main benefits included educational aspect of increasing awareness about product information and strengthened collaboration. Majority of participants felt doubtful about the impact of the industrial project on people's awareness of ecological issues and they admittedly lacked sufficient information on the environmental impact of pharmaceutical packaging.ConclusionThe removal of paper leaflet could be extended to more products based on the positive feedback for the industrial pilot project. However, it is paramount that the format of electronic product information would need to be enhanced first to improve readability.
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Project description:Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including autism. Behavior analytic interventions for the treatment of feeding difficulties oftentimes include escape extinction as a primary component of treatment. The use of escape extinction, while effective, may be problematic as it is also associated with the emergence of challenging behavior (e.g., extinction burst). Such challenging behavior may be an acceptable side effect in treatment cases where feeding problems are severe and chronic (e.g., failure to thrive). However, in more acute cases (e.g., selective eating), the negative side effect may be unwarranted and undesired. More recent research on the behavioral treatment of food selectivity has begun to evaluate treatments for feeding difficulties that do not include escape extinction (e.g., demand fading, behavioral momentum), with some success. However, research to date reveals individual differences in responsiveness to such treatments and no clear preferable treatment has emerged. This manuscript describes a multi-component treatment package that includes shaping, sequential presentation and simultaneous presentation, for the treatment of food selectivity in four young children with developmental delays. This treatment package extends the literature on the behavioral treatment for food selectivity and offers a multi-component treatment protocol that may be clinically applicable across a range of treatment scenarios and settings.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:RNA-seq, wherein RNA transcripts expressed in a sample are sequenced and quantified, has become a widely used technique to study disease and development. With RNA-seq, transcription abundance can be measured, differential expression genes between groups and functional enrichment of those genes can be computed. However, biological insights from RNA-seq are often limited by computational analysis and the enormous volume of resulting data, preventing facile and meaningful review and interpretation of gene expression profiles. Particularly, in cases where the samples under study exhibit uncontrolled variation, deeper analysis of functional enrichment would be necessary to visualize samples' gene expression activity under each biological function. RESULTS:We developed a Bioconductor package rgsepd that streamlines RNA-seq data analysis by wrapping commonly used tools DESeq2 and GOSeq in a user-friendly interface and performs a gene-subset linear projection to cluster heterogeneous samples by Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Rgsepd computes significantly enriched GO terms for each experimental condition and generates multidimensional projection plots highlighting how each predefined gene set's multidimensional expression may delineate samples. CONCLUSIONS:The rgsepd serves to automate differential expression, functional annotation, and exploratory data analyses to highlight subtle expression differences among samples based on each significant biological function.
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Project description:Recent years have witnessed greater involvement of European Union (EU) organisations in health communication campaigns that address chronic diseases and that are designed for implementation in multiple countries. This development raises challenges inherent in adapting the design of public health communication campaigns to multi-national settings. This article provides a first exploratory investigation of these challenges and how to address them based on data gathered from four expert focus groups, each concentrated on a common risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Despite the exploratory nature of the data, it was possible to identify several common key challenges: variation in behaviours, social and cultural norms, and issues related to language and communication channels, the divide between EU stakeholders and local actors, and differences in national legislation and available resources. Two risk factor-specific challenges were also identified: effective messaging for complex issues (unhealthy diet) and the involvement of industry representatives (smoking, sedentary lifestyle). We propose conceiving of cross-national communication campaigns as providing a common blueprint and structure that can inform and support the development of differentiated yet harmonised local campaigns.
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