Vertex- and atlas-based comparisons in measures of cortical thickness, gyrification and white matter volume between humans and chimpanzees.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hopkins WD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8401708 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Perturbations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala are implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. However, most structural neuroimaging studies of patients with anxiety disorders utilize adult samples, and the few studies in youths examine small samples, primarily with volume-based measures. This study tested the hypothesis that cortical thickness of PFC regions and gray matter volume of the hippocampus and amygdala differ between pediatric anxiety disorder patients and healthy volunteers (HVs). High-resolution 3-Tesla T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired in 151 youths (75 anxious, 76 HV; ages 8-18). Analyses tested associations of brain structure with anxiety diagnosis and severity across both groups, as well as response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in a subset of 53 patients. Cortical thickness was evaluated both within an a priori PFC mask (small-volume corrected) and using an exploratory whole-brain-corrected (p<0.05) approach. Anxious relative to healthy youths exhibited thicker cortex in the left ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and left precentral gyrus. Both anxiety diagnosis and symptom severity were associated with smaller right hippocampal volume. In patients, thinner cortex in parietal and occipital cortical regions was associated with worse treatment response. Pediatric anxiety was associated with structural differences in vmPFC and hippocampus, regions implicated in emotional processing and in developmental models of anxiety pathophysiology. Parietal and occipital cortical thickness were related to anxiety treatment response but not baseline anxiety.
| S-EPMC5645752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Imaging biomarkers derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are used to quantify normal development, disease, and the effects of disease-modifying therapies. However, motion during image acquisition introduces image artifacts that, in turn, affect derived markers. A systematic effect can be problematic since factors of interest like age, disease, and treatment are often correlated with both a structural change and the amount of head motion in the scanner, confounding the ability to distinguish biology from artifact. Here we evaluate the effect of head motion during image acquisition on morphometric estimates of structures in the human brain using several popular image analysis software packages (FreeSurfer 5.3, VBM8 SPM, and FSL Siena 5.0.7). Within-session repeated T1-weighted MRIs were collected on 12 healthy volunteers while performing different motion tasks, including two still scans. We show that volume and thickness estimates of the cortical gray matter are biased by head motion with an average apparent volume loss of roughly 0.7%/mm/min of subject motion. Effects vary across regions and remain significant after excluding scans that fail a rigorous quality check. In view of these results, the interpretation of reported morphometric effects of movement disorders or other conditions with increased motion tendency may need to be revisited: effects may be overestimated when not controlling for head motion. Furthermore, drug studies with hypnotic, sedative, tranquilizing, or neuromuscular-blocking substances may contain spurious "effects" of reduced atrophy or brain growth simply because they affect motion distinct from true effects of the disease or therapeutic process.
| S-EPMC4300248 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Histological evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by a reduced integrity of the grey-white matter boundary. This has also recently been confirmed by a structural neuroimaging study in vivo reporting significantly reduced grey-white matter tissue contrast (GWC) in adult individuals (18-42 years of age) with ASD relative to typically developing (TD) controls. However, it remains unknown whether the neuroanatomical differences in ASD at the grey-white matter boundary are stable across development or are age-dependent. Methods:Here, we examined differences in the neurodevelopmental trajectories of GWC in a cross-sectional sample of 77 male ASD individuals and 76 typically developing (TD) controls across childhood and early adulthood (from 7 to 25 years). Results:Using nested model comparisons, we first established that the developmental trajectory of GWC is complex in many regions across the cortex and includes linear and non-linear effects of age. Second, while ASD individuals have significantly reduced GWC overall, these differences are age-dependent and are most prominent during childhood (<?15 years). Conclusions:Taken together, our findings suggest that differences in GWC in ASD are unlikely to reflect atypical grey matter cytoarchitecture alone, but may also represent other aspects of the cortical architecture such as age-dependent variability in myelin integrity.
| S-EPMC6167902 | biostudies-other
Project description:Developmental dyslexia is frequently associated with atypical brain structure and function within regions of the left hemisphere reading network. To date, few studies have employed surface-based techniques to evaluate cortical thickness and local gyrification in dyslexia. Of the existing cortical thickness studies in children, many are limited by small sample size, variability in dyslexia identification, and the recruitment of prereaders who may or may not develop reading impairment. Further, no known study has assessed local gyrification index (LGI) in dyslexia, which may serve as a sensitive indicator of atypical neurodevelopment. In this study, children with dyslexia (n = 31) and typically decoding peers (n = 45) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging to assess whole-brain vertex-wise cortical thickness and LGI. Children with dyslexia demonstrated reduced cortical thickness compared with controls within previously identified reading areas including bilateral occipitotemporal and occipitoparietal regions. Compared with controls, children with dyslexia also showed increased gyrification in left occipitotemporal and right superior frontal cortices. The convergence of thinner and more gyrified cortex within the left occipitotemporal region among children with dyslexia may reflect its early temporal role in processing word forms, and highlights the importance of the ventral stream for successful word reading.
| S-EPMC6059256 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatients with deficit schizophrenia (D-SZ) differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects such as risk factors, neurobiological correlates, treatment response and clinical outcome. It has been debated if brain morphology could differentiate D-SZ from ND-SZ. Anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) region regulates cognitive and emotional processing and past studies reported structural changes in this region in patients with SZ.Methods1.5-T 3D MRI scans were obtained from 18 D-SZ patients, 30 ND-SZ patients and 82 healthy controls (HCs). We used FreeSurfer-initalized labeled cortical distance mapping (FSLCDM) to measure ACG gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and area of the gray/white interface. Furthermore, cortical thickness was compared among the 3 groups using the pooled labeled cortical distance mapping (LCDM) method.ResultsThe ACG cortex of the D-SZ group was thinner than the ND-SZ group. Pooled LCDM demonstrated that the ACG cortex was bilaterally thinner in both the ND-SZ group and the D-SZ group compared with the control group. The right ACG gray matter volume was significantly reduced in D-SZ patients as compared with healthy controls (p=0.005 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that qualitative, categorical differences in neuroanatomy may distinguish between deficit and non-deficit subtypes of schizophrenia.
| S-EPMC4076020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification are complementary indices that assess different aspects of gray matter structural integrity. Both neurodevelopment insults and acute tissue response to antipsychotic medication could underlie the known heterogeneity of treatment response and are well-suited for interrogation into the relationship between gray matter morphometry and clinical outcomes in schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS:Using a prospective design, we enrolled 34 unmedicated patients with SZ and 23 healthy controls. Patients were scanned at baseline and after a 6-week trial with risperidone. CT and local gyrification index (LGI) values were quantified from structural MRI scans using FreeSurfer 5.3. RESULTS:We found reduced CT and LGI in patients compared to controls. Vertex-wise analyses demonstrated that hypogyrification was most prominent in the inferior frontal cortex, temporal cortex, insula, pre/postcentral gyri, temporoparietal junction, and the supramarginal gyrus. Baseline CT was predictive of subsequent response to antipsychotic treatment, and increase in CT after 6 weeks was correlated with greater symptom reductions. CONCLUSIONS:In summary, we report evidence of reduced CT and LGI in unmedicated patients compared to controls, suggesting involvement of different aspects of gray matter morphometry in the pathophysiology of SZ. Importantly, we found that lower CT at baseline and greater increase of CT following 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone were associated with better clinical response. Our results suggest that cortical thinning may normalize as a result of a good response to antipsychotic medication, possibly by alleviating potential neurotoxic processes underlying gray matter deterioration.
| S-EPMC7265602 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveSubjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is associated with future cognitive decline. This study aimed to compare cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) between individuals with SCI and normal control (NC) subjects.MethodsForty-seven participants (27 SCI and 20 NC) were recruited. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and were clinically assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) battery of tests. We compared cortical thickness and LGI between the two groups and analyzed correlations between cortical thickness/LGI and scores on CERAD protocol subtests in the SCI group for region of interests with significant between-group differences.ResultsCortical thickness reduction in the left entorhinal, superior temporal, insular, rostral middle frontal, precentral, superior frontal, and supramarginal regions, and right supramarginal, precentral, insular, postcentral, and posterior cingulate regions was observed in the SCI compared to the NC group. Cortical thickness in these regions correlated with scores of constructional praxis, word list memory, word list recall, constructional recall, trail making test A, and verbal fluency under the CERAD protocol. Significantly decreased gyrification was observed in the left lingual gyrus of the SCI group. In addition, gyrification of this region was positively associated with scores of constructional praxis.ConclusionOur results may provide an additional reference to the notion that SCI may be associated with future cognitive impairment. This study may help clinicians to assess individuals with SCI who may progress to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia.
| S-EPMC8553542 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Choosing the appropriate neuroimaging phenotype is critical to successfully identify genes that influence brain structure or function. While neuroimaging methods provide numerous potential phenotypes, their role for imaging genetics studies is unclear. Here we examine the relationship between brain volume, grey matter volume, cortical thickness and surface area, from a genetic standpoint. Four hundred and eighty-six individuals from randomly ascertained extended pedigrees with high-quality T1-weighted neuroanatomic MRI images participated in the study. Surface-based and voxel-based representations of brain structure were derived, using automated methods, and these measurements were analysed using a variance-components method to identify the heritability of these traits and their genetic correlations. All neuroanatomic traits were significantly influenced by genetic factors. Cortical thickness and surface area measurements were found to be genetically and phenotypically independent. While both thickness and area influenced volume measurements of cortical grey matter, volume was more closely related to surface area than cortical thickness. This trend was observed for both the volume-based and surface-based techniques. The results suggest that surface area and cortical thickness measurements should be considered separately and preferred over gray matter volumes for imaging genetic studies.
| S-EPMC2891595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An extensive literature has detailed how maltreatment experience impacts brain structure in children and adolescents. However, there is a dearth of studies on the influence of maltreatment on surface based indices, and to date no study has investigated how sex influences the impact of maltreatment on cortical thickness, surface area and local gyrification. We investigated sex differences in these measures of cortical structure in a large community sample of children aged 10-14 years (n = 122) comprising 62 children with verified maltreatment experience and 60 matched non-maltreated controls. The maltreated group relative to the controls presented with a pattern of decreased cortical thickness within a region of right anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus; decreased surface area within the right inferior parietal cortex; and increased local gyrification within left superior parietal cortex. This atypical pattern of cortical structure was similar across males and females. An interaction between maltreatment exposure and sex was found only in local gyrification, within two clusters: the right tempo-parietal junction and the left precentral gyrus. These findings suggest that maltreatment impacts cortical structure in brain areas associated with emotional regulation and theory of mind, with few differences between the sexes.
| S-EPMC5003912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Bcl-2 is a major regulator of neural plasticity and cellular resilience. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Bcl-2 gene, Bcl-2 rs956572, significantly modulates the expression of Bcl-2 protein and cellular vulnerability to apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that this SNP would modulate gray matter (GM) volume in the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuitry that plays major roles in mood regulation. METHODS:Forty-seven healthy subjects participated in this study (30 A carriers, 17 G homozygotes). Neuromorphometric differences between G homozygotes and A carriers were investigated using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Statistical significance was set at p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS:A carriers showed less GM volume than G homozygotes in the left ventral striatum (p(corrected) < .05). CONCLUSIONS:Genetic variation in the Bcl-2 gene modulates GM volume in areas known to play key roles in the neurobiology of reward processes and emotion regulation and in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Thus, the findings from the current study are noteworthy insofar as they converge with preclinical findings that Bcl-2 functions to enhance neuronal viability and might indirectly extend this evidence to humans.
| S-EPMC2788985 | biostudies-literature