Dataset Information

Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4⁺ T Cell Activation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Control.

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. The development of a TB vaccine that induces durable and effective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is urgently needed. Early and superior Mtb control can be induced in M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated hosts when the innate immune response is targeted to generate effective vaccine-induced immunity. In the present study, we show that innate activation of DCs is critical for mucosal localization of clonally activated vaccine-induced CD4⁺ T cells in the lung and superior early Mtb control. In addition, our study reveals that Th1/Th17 cytokine axis play an important role in superior vaccine-induced immunity. Our studies also show that activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κβ) pathway in lung epithelial cells is critical for the mucosal localization of activated vaccine-induced CD4⁺ T cells for rapid Mtb control. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms that can overcome TB vaccine bottlenecks and provide early rapid Mtb control. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to single infectious agent accounting 1.4 million deaths each year. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, is not effective due to variable efficacy. In our study, we determined the early immune events necessary for achieving complete protection in a BCG-vaccinated host. Our study reveals that innate activation of DCs can mediate superior and early Mtb control in BCG-vaccinated mice through lung epithelial cell signaling and localization of clonal activated, Mtb antigen-specific, cytokine-producing CD4⁺ T cells within the lung parenchyma and airways. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms that can overcome TB vaccine bottlenecks and provide early rapid Mtb control.

SUBMITTER: Das S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8406195 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundRapid and effective discrimination between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a challenge. There is an urgent need for developing practical and affordable approaches targeting this issue.MethodsParticipants with ATB and LTBI were recruited at Tongji Hospital (Qiaokou cohort) and Sino-French New City Hospital (Caidian cohort) based on positive T-SPOT results from June 2020 to January 2021. The expression of activation markers including HLA-DR, CD38, CD69, and CD25 was examined on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific CD4+ T cells defined by IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 expression upon MTB antigen stimulation.ResultsA total of 90 (40 ATB and 50 LTBI) and another 64 (29 ATB and 35 LTBI) subjects were recruited from the Qiaokou cohort and Caidian cohort, respectively. The expression patterns of Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 upon MTB antigen stimulation could not differentiate ATB patients from LTBI individuals well. However, both HLA-DR and CD38 on MTB-specific cells showed discriminatory value in distinguishing between ATB patients and LTBI individuals. As for developing a single candidate biomarker, HLA-DR had the advantage over CD38. Moreover, HLA-DR on TNF-α+ or IL-2+ cells had superiority over that on IFN-γ+ cells in differentiating ATB patients from LTBI individuals. Besides, HLA-DR on MTB-specific cells defined by multiple cytokine co-expression had a higher ability to discriminate patients with ATB from LTBI individuals than that of MTB-specific cells defined by one kind of cytokine expression. Specially, HLA-DR on TNF-α+IL-2+ cells produced an AUC of 0.901 (95% CI, 0.833-0.969), with a sensitivity of 93.75% (95% CI, 79.85-98.27%) and specificity of 72.97% (95% CI, 57.02-84.60%) as a threshold of 44% was used. Furthermore, the performance of HLA-DR on TNF-α+IL-2+ cells for differential diagnosis was obtained with validation cohort data: 90.91% (95% CI, 72.19-97.47%) sensitivity and 68.97% (95% CI, 50.77-82.73%) specificity.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that HLA-DR on MTB-specific cells was a potentially useful biomarker for accurate discrimination between ATB and LTBI.

Dataset Information

Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4⁺ T Cell Activation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Control.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Dataset Information

Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4+ T Cell Activation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Control.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4⁺ T Cell Activation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Control.