Ataxia and mobility in children following surgical resection of posterior fossa tumour: A longitudinal cohort study.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose
To report the course of ataxia in children up to 2 years post-operatively, following surgical resection of a posterior fossa tumour (PFT).Methods
Thirty-five children, (median age 9 years, range 4-15) having resection of PFT, were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS) and the mobility domain of the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI-m) at initial post-operative period (baseline), 3 months, 1 year and 2 years post-operatively.Results
Baseline median scores of the SARA and BARS were 8.5 (range 0-35.5), and 7 (0-25) respectively. Ataxia improved at 3 months (median SARA and BARS reduction 3.5 and 4, respectively). Additional gradual improvements in SARA were recorded at 1 (median reduction 2) and 2 years post-operatively (median reduction 0.5). Median baseline PEDI-m was 54.75 (range 15.2-100) with improvement at 3 months (median increase 36.95) and small improvement at 1 year (median increase 2.5) and 2 years (median increase 5.8). Children with medulloblastoma and midline tumours (median baseline SARA 10 and 11, respectively) demonstrated more severe ataxia than children with low-grade gliomas and unilateral tumours (median baseline SARA 7.5 and 6.5, respectively).Conclusion
The largest improvement in ataxia scores and functional mobility scores is demonstrated within the first 3 months post-operatively, but ongoing gradual improvement is observed at 2 years. Children with medulloblastoma and midline tumour demonstrated higher ataxia scores long term.
SUBMITTER: Hartley H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8423635 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThere is minimal literature specific to motor outcomes in children with posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) despite ataxia being a significant problem in this group. This study aims to report children's physical outcomes following management of PFT and determine which factors affect severity of ataxia and functional limitations.MethodsForty-two children aged between 5 and 17 and between 1 and 4 years following surgery for PFT were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS), and the mobility Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) subscale to determine prevalence and severity of ataxia and a measure of physical function. Analysis was undertaken comparing impact of tumor location, tumor histology, adjuvant treatment, age at diagnosis, presence of preoperative ataxia, and presence of cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) on ataxia and physical function scores.ResultsSeventy-one percent of children demonstrated a SARA and BARS score greater than 2. A total of 48% of children had a PEDI-m score greater than 90. There was no correlation between age at diagnosis or preoperative ataxia and assessment scores. There was a significant difference in SARA/BARS and PEDI-mobility scores depending on tumor histology, tumor location, and presence of CMS.ConclusionsA high proportion of children (>1 year) following surgery for PFT continue to present with ataxia. Higher ataxia and lower physical function scores were demonstrated in children with medulloblastoma and midline tumors and those diagnosed with CMS. The high prevalence of ataxia demonstrates the need for further research regarding rehabilitation management in this population.
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Project description:PurposeChildren with brain tumors experience cognitive late effects, often related to cranial radiation. We sought to determine differential effects of surgery and chemotherapy on brain structure and neuropsychological outcomes in children who did not receive cranial radiation therapy (CRT).MethodsTwenty-eight children with a history of posterior fossa tumor (17 treated with surgery, 11 treated with surgery and chemotherapy) underwent neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment a mean of 4.5 years (surgery group) to 9 years (surgery + chemotherapy group) posttreatment, along with 18 healthy sibling controls. Psychometric measures assessed IQ, language, executive functions, processing speed, memory, and social-emotional functioning. Group differences and correlations between diffusion tensor imaging findings and psychometric scores were examined.ResultsThe z-score mapping demonstrated fractional anisotropy (FA) values were ≥2 standard deviations lower in white matter tracts, prefrontal cortex gray matter, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and pons between patient groups, indicating microstructural damage associated with chemotherapy. Patients scored lower than controls on visuoconstructional reasoning and memory (P ≤ .02). Lower FA in the uncinate fasciculus (R = -0.82 to -0.91) and higher FA in the thalamus (R = 0.73-0.91) associated with higher IQ scores, and higher FA in the thalamus associated with higher scores on spatial working memory (R = 0.82).ConclusionsPosterior fossa brain tumor treatment with surgery and chemotherapy affects brain microstructure and neuropsychological functioning years into survivorship, with spatial processes the most vulnerable. Biomarkers indicating cellular changes in the thalamus, hippocampus, pons, prefrontal cortex, and white matter tracts associate with lower psychometric scores.
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Project description:PURPOSE:Posterior fossa brain tumours (PFT) and their treatment in young children are often associated with subsequent cognitive impairment. However, reported follow-up periods rarely exceed 10 years. This study reports very long-term cognitive consequences of surviving an early childhood PFT. METHODS:62 adult survivors of a PFT, ascertained from a national register, diagnosed before 5 years of age, and a sibling control, received a single IQ assessment an average of 32 years (range 18-53) after initial diagnosis, using the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Regression models were fitted to survivor-sibling pair differences on verbal and performance IQ (VIQ and PIQ) scores to investigate whether increasing time between PFT diagnosis and follow-up IQ assessment contributed to survivor-sibling IQ differences. RESULTS:At follow-up, survivors had, on average, VIQ 15 points and PIQ 19 points lower than their siblings. There was no significant effect of time since diagnosis on survivor-sibling VIQ difference. Survivors who received radiotherapy showed no significant effect of time since diagnosis on survivor-sibling PIQ difference. Survivors who did not receive radiotherapy demonstrated a trend for it to reduce. CONCLUSIONS:VIQ and PIQ deficits persist in adulthood, suggesting the effect of a fixed injury imposing on cognitive development, rather than an ongoing pathological process. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS:The findings will help parents and others supporting survivors of an early life PFT to identify and plan for possible cognitive outcomes, and highlight the importance of early interventions to optimize cognitive function during the developmental period.
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Project description:Central nervous system tumours constitute 25% of all childhood cancers; more than half are located in the posterior fossa and surgery is usually part of therapy. One of the most disabling late effects of posterior fossa tumour surgery is the cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) which has been reported in up to 39% of the patients but the exact incidence is uncertain since milder cases may be unrecognized. Recovery is usually incomplete. Reported risk factors are tumour type, midline location and brainstem involvement, but the exact aetiology, surgical and other risk factors, the clinical course and strategies for prevention and treatment are yet to be determined.This observational, prospective, multicentre study will include 500 children with posterior fossa tumours. It opened late 2014 with participation from 20 Nordic and Baltic centres. From 2016, five British centres and four Dutch centres will join with a total annual accrual of 130 patients. Three other major European centres are invited to join from 2016/17. Follow-up will run for 12 months after inclusion of the last patient. All patients are treated according to local practice. Clinical data are collected through standardized online registration at pre-determined time points pre- and postoperatively. Neurological status and speech functions are examined pre-operatively and postoperatively at 1-4 weeks, 2 and 12 months. Pre- and postoperative speech samples are recorded and analysed. Imaging will be reviewed centrally. Pathology is classified according to the 2007 WHO system. Germline DNA will be collected from all patients for associations between CMS characteristics and host genome variants including pathway profiles.Through prospective and detailed collection of information on 1) differences in incidence and clinical course of CMS for different patient and tumour characteristics, 2) standardized surgical data and their association with CMS, 3) diversities and results of other therapeutic interventions, and 4) the role of host genome variants, we aim to achieve a better understanding of risk factors for and the clinical course of CMS - with the ultimate goal of defining strategies for prevention and treatment of this severely disabling condition.Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02300766 , date of registration: November 21, 2014.
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Project description:Ganglioglioma (GG) is an uncommon primary lesion of the central nervous system that is typically located supratentorially. There are only a few reports of GG arising from the cerebellum. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of a cerebellar GG with supratentorial extension and a longstanding history before its recognition. In fact, this 29-year-old male presented with an 11-year history of intermittent headaches. A cranial computerized tomography (CT) performed at the onset of his complaints failed to reveal the tumor. After a particularly longstanding cephalalgic episode, the patient underwent a new CT scan that was also negative. However, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with extension to the level of the superior colliculi and pineal recess. The tumor was partially removed through a midline suboccipital craniotomy and supracerebellar approach. Pathological examination of the tumor showed composition of atypical ganglion cells and astrocytes, indicating the diagnosis of cerebellar GG. At last follow-up, 24 months after surgery, the patient reported a marked improvement of his clinical condition with significant reduction of intensity and frequency of the headache. The present report illustrates how cerebellar GG may remain undetectable by CT and may therefore present with a longstanding history and nonspecific signs and symptoms. MR investigation can lead to the proper diagnosis. Even after partial removal the prognosis remains good and remission of the symptoms may be achieved. In this article, we review the literature and summarize the current understanding of infratentorial GGs.
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Project description:PurposeProspective and longitudinal neuroimaging studies of posterior fossa tumors are scarce. Here we evaluate the early changes in white matter and intellectual outcome up to 3 years after diagnosis.Patients and methodsTwenty-two children with posterior fossa tumors and 24 similarly-aged healthy children participated. Patients included: (a) 12 individuals who received surgery, cranial-spinal radiation (CSR), and focal radiation to the tumor bed (CSR group) and (b) 10 individuals who received local therapy, either surgery only or surgery and focal radiation to the tumor bed (Local group). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and intelligence measures were obtained an average of 3 months after diagnosis and then at 12, 24, and 36 months later. DTI tractography and voxel-wise approaches were employed. The Neurological Predictor Scale was used to summarize the type and amount of treatment for PF tumor patients. Linear mixed modelling was used to evaluate group differences at baseline and changes over time in DTI metrics for both the specific white matter tracts and voxel-wise, as well as for intelligence measures.ResultsBased on tractography, patients treated with CSR had significantly higher Axial and Mean diffusivity in the cortical-spinal tracts (CST) 3 month after diagnosis - particularly on the right side, p < .003, compared to healthy children. Mean diffusivity in right CST decreased over time in this group of patients, p = .001. No differences compared to controls were evident in specific tracts for the Local group, p > .10. Voxel-wise analyses revealed multiple areas of white matter compromise in both patients groups. Notably, both patient groups had lower scores on intelligence measures compared to the Control group: The CSR group displayed lower performance 3 months following diagnosis, ps < 0.001, and their performance remained stable over time ps > 0.10, whereas the Local group displayed no differences at 3 months, ps> 0.10, but their performance declined over time, ps < 0.01. At baseline, higher MD in right CST predicted lower Perceptual Reasoning scores across all participants, p = .001. Furthermore, lower FA in left IFOF at baseline predicted decline in Processing Speed over time, p = .001. In patients, more aggressive treatment protocols and presence of mutism were related to lower performance on intelligence measures at baseline, ps < 0.04.ConclusionsChildren treated with CSR displayed diffuse white matter compromise and poor intellectual outcome shortly after radiation treatment. There was evidence of subsequent growth of white matter structure, but stable intellectual insult. Conversely, in children treated with either surgery only or surgery and focal radiation to the tumor bed we observed less compromise of white matter early following treatment and no intellectual insult compared to healthy children. However, declines in intellectual function were evident for these children, though their performance remained within the average normative range. Overall, results suggest that early intervention is necessary to circumvent these deficits.
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