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Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics of Infectious Diseases: Dengue and Zika.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of more virulent SARS virus has made scientists look back at other so-called neglected diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, etc. Until recently these neglected diseases have not received much attention for their control or elimination from society. Over the past decade several attempts to investigate the pathogenicity, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for flavivirus caused diseases have been made. Herein we have reviewed the progress made toward the detection and treatment of two diseases-dengue and Zika. The above flavivirus related pathogenesis is concerned with the host immune system and known to be mediated through various receptors along with antibody-mediated disease enhancement. Moreover, researchers have been progressing toward discovering new drugs and therapeutic methods that target various stages of the flavivirus life cycle to minimize the above caused mortality and morbidity. The available diagnostics are based on serological, small molecule detection systems and point-of-care sensing devices. In this work, we have reviewed the advancements made toward understanding the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics of the viral diseases caused by dengue and Zika.

SUBMITTER: Jayachandran B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8427640 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The molecular evolution of life on earth along with changing environmental, conditions has rendered mankind susceptible to endemic and pandemic emerging infectious diseases. The effects of certain systemic viral and bacterial infections on morbidity and mortality are considered as examples of recent emerging infections. Here we will focus on three examples of infections that are important in pregnancy and early childhood: SARS-CoV-2 virus, Zika virus, and Mycoplasma species. The basic structural characteristics of these infectious agents will be examined, along with their general pathogenic mechanisms. Coronavirus infections, such as caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, likely evolved from zoonotic bat viruses to infect humans and cause a pandemic that has been the biggest challenge for humanity since the Spanish Flu pandemic of the early 20th century. In contrast, Zika Virus infections represent an expanding infectious threat in the context of global climate change. The relationship of these infections to pregnancy, the vertical transmission and neurological sequels make these viruses highly relevant to the topics of this special issue. Finally, mycoplasmal infections have been present before mankind evolved, but they were rarely identified as human pathogens until recently, and they are now recognized as important coinfections that are able to modify the course and prognosis of various infectious diseases and other chronic illnesses. The infectious processes caused by these intracellular microorganisms are examined as well as some general aspects of their pathogeneses, clinical presentations, and diagnoses. We will finally consider examples of treatments that have been used to reduce morbidity and mortality of these infections and discuss briefly the current status of vaccines, in particular, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is important to understand some of the basic features of these emerging infectious diseases and the pathogens involved in order to better appreciate the contributions of this special issue on how infectious diseases can affect human pregnancy, fetuses and neonates.

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Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics of Infectious Diseases: Dengue and Zika.

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