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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol on CeO₂-La₂O₃ Oxides Prepared by the Soft Template Method.

ABSTRACT: In this study, CeO₂, La₂O₃, and CeO₂-La₂O₃ mixed oxide catalysts with different Ce/La molar ratios were prepared by the soft template method and characterized by different techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, N₂ physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. NH₃ and CO₂ adsorption microcalorimetry was also used for assessing the acid and base surface properties, respectively. The behavior of the oxides as catalysts for the dimethyl carbonate synthesis by the transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol, at 160 °C under autogenic pressure, was studied in a stainless-steel batch reactor. The activity of the catalysts was found to increase with an increase in the basic sites density. The formation of dimethyl carbonate was favored on medium-strength and weak basic sites, while it underwent decomposition on the strong ones. Several parasitic reactions occurred during the transformation of propylene carbonate, depending on the basic and acidic features of the catalysts. A reaction pathway has been proposed on the basis of the components identified in the reaction mixture.

SUBMITTER: Cutrufello MG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8432469 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been considered as possible electrolytes for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products such as formic and oxalic acids. The applicability of pure DES as electrolytes is hindered by high viscosities. Mixtures of DES with organic solvents can be a promising way of designing superior electrolytes by exploiting the advantages of each solvent type. In this study, densities, viscosities, diffusivities, and ionic conductivities of mixed solvents comprising DES (i.e., reline and ethaline), methanol, and propylene carbonate were computed using molecular simulations. To provide a quantitative assessment of the affinity and mass transport of CO2 and oxalic and formic acids in the mixed solvents, the solubilities and self-diffusivities of these solutes were also computed. Our results show that the addition of DES to the organic solvents enhances the solubilities of oxalic and formic acids, while the solubility of CO2 in the ethaline-containing mixtures are in the same order of magnitude with the respective pure organic components. A monotonic increase in the densities and viscosities of the mixed solvents is observed as the mole fraction of DES in the mixture increases, with the exception of the density of ethaline-propylene carbonate which shows the opposite behavior due to the high viscosity of the pure organic component. The self-diffusivities of all species in the mixtures significantly decrease as the mole fraction of DES approaches unity. Similarly, the self-diffusivities of the dissolved CO2 and the oxalic and formic acids also decrease by at least 1 order of magnitude as the composition of the mixture shifts from the pure organic component to pure DES. The computed ionic conductivities of all mixed solvents show a maximum value for mole fractions of DES in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 and decrease as more DES is added to the mixtures. Since for most mixtures studied here no prior experimental measurements exist, our findings can serve as a first data set based on which further investigation of DES-containing electrolyte solutions can be performed for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful chemicals.

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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol on CeO₂-La₂O₃ Oxides Prepared by the Soft Template Method.

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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol on CeO2-La2O3 Oxides Prepared by the Soft Template Method.

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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol on CeO₂-La₂O₃ Oxides Prepared by the Soft Template Method.