CCAT2 enhances autophagy-related invasion and metastasis via regulating miR-4496 and ELAVL1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shi J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8435435 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background: Cancer cells undergoing invasion and metastasis possess a phenotype with attenuated glycolysis, but enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Calcium (Ca2+)-mediated signaling pathways are implicated in tumor metastasis and metabolism regulation. Stromal-interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggered store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the major route of Ca2+ influx for non-excitable cells including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, whether and how STIM1 regulates the invasion and metastasis of HCC via metabolic reprogramming is unclear. Methods: The expressions of STIM1 and Snail1 in the HCC tissues and cells were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western-blotting and quantitative PCR. STIM1 knockout-HCC cells were generated by CRISPR-Cas9, and gene-overexpression was mediated via lentivirus transfection. Besides, the invasive and metastatic activities of HCC cells were assessed by transwell assay, anoikis rate in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Seahorse energy analysis and micro-array were used to evaluate the glucose and lipid metabolism. Results: STIM1 was down-regulated in metastatic HCC cells rather than in proliferating HCC cells, and low STIM1 levels were associated with poor outcome of HCC patients. During tumor growth, STIM1 stabilized Snail1 protein by activating the CaMKII/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Subsequently, the upregulated Snail1 suppressed STIM1/SOCE during metastasis. STIM1 restoration significantly diminished anoikis-resistance and metastasis induced by Snail1. Mechanistically, the downregulated STIM1 shifted the anabolic/catabolic balance, i.e., from aerobic glycolysis towards AMPK-activated fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which contributed to Snail1-driven metastasis and anoikis-resistance. Conclusions: Our data provide the molecular basis that STIM1 orchestrates invasion and metastasis via reprogramming HCC metabolism.
| S-EPMC7255033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. However, the role of IFITM3 in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. In this study, we showed that IFITM3 was frequently overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Overexpression of IFITM3 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. Knockdown of IFITM3 dramatically decreased MMP9 expression and inhibited the invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of MMP9 rescued the decreased migration and invasion induced by the knockdown of IFITM3, whereas the knockdown of MMP9 decreased IFITM3-enhanced HCC migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that IFITM3 regulates MMP9 expression through the p38/MAPK pathway. Taken together, we identified a novel IFITM3-p38/MAPK-MMP9 regulatory circuitry, the dysfunction of which drives invasive and metastatic character in HCC.
| S-EPMC6070650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The dysregulation of miR-663a is frequently observed in many human cancers. However, the functional role and precise mechanism of miR-663a have been controversial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and need to be studied in depth. METHODS:The expression of miR-663a was detected in human cell lines and HCC tissues by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell proliferation was investigated using MTS, EdU, colony formation assays, and xenograft animal experiments, and the cell invasion capacity was evaluated using the transwell assay. The target gene of miR-663a was identified by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The clinicopathological features of miR-663a and the correlation between miR-663a and TGF-?1 expression were also investigated in the clinical samples of HCC. RESULTS:miR-663a was significantly downregulated in HCC cells relative to immortal normal liver cells, as indicated using qRT-PCR, and the lower expression of miR-663a was also confirmed in HCC tissue samples and the data from TCGA. The expression of miR-663a in HCC tissue samples was statistically significantly associated with size and the number of tumors. In addition, the upregulation of miR-663a inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Further study showed that miR-663a directly targeted transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) to suppress HCC invasion, and that the inhibitory effect of miR-663a on cell invasion could be regulated by TGF-?1. In vivo studies showed that miR-663a significantly inhibited tumor growth. A negative correlation between miR-663a and TGF-?1 expression was also confirmed from the clinical samples of HCC. CONCLUSIONS:miR-663a acts as a tumor suppressor and exerts a substantial role in inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of HCC by regulating TGF-?1 in vitro and in vivo. These observations indicate that miR-663a may be a suitable diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic target for the treatment of HCC.
| S-EPMC6264054 | biostudies-literature
Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. miRNA dysregulation plays a causal role in cancer progression. In this study, miR-208-3p was highly expressed and directly repressed ARID2 expression. As a result, ARID2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was decreased. In vitro, miR-208-3p down-regulation and ARID2 over-expression elicited similar inhibitory effects on HCC cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo test results revealed that miR-208-3p down-regulation inhibited HCC tumorigenesis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, ARID2 was possibly a downstream element of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF?1)/miR-208-3p/ARID2 regulatory pathway. These findings suggested that miR-208-3p up-regulation is associated with HCC cell progression and may provide a new target for liver cancer treatment.
| S-EPMC7094640 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To explore the mechanism of Kindlin-2 regulating invasion and metastasis of human Hepatocellular carcinoma, we performed gene expression microarray analysis on Kindlin-2 knockdown LM3 cells and the control cells to compare the gene expression levels between the two groups.
2017-04-19 | GSE97951 | GEO
Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predominantly occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, accounting for 70-90% of all liver cancer cases. The role of circFOXM1/miR-1179/SPAG5 axis in HCC has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of circFOXM1 in HCC proliferation and metastasis. RNA polymerase inhibitor actinomycin D and RNase R exonuclease were used to identify circFOXM1 in HCC cells. The qRT-PCR was used to detect circFOXM1 expression. Specific siRNA for circFOXM1 was designed, and the sequence of circFOXM1 was inserted in pLCDH-ciR to overexpress circFOXM. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 in vitro, by tumor volume and tumor weight of HCC xenograft in vivo. Cell migration was detected by transwell test. Binding status of circFOXM1 with miR-1179 was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay. Rescue experiments were applied to identify the oncogenic mechanism of circFOXM1 in HCC cells. Actinomycin D assay confirmed the cyclization of circFOXM1. RNase R treatment showed that circFOXM1 was not affected by RNase R exonuclease. CCK8 assay, tumor volume and tumor weight showed that circFOXM1 effectively promoted HCC cell proliferation. Transwell assay showed that circFOXM effectively promoted migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells. Luciferase reporter gene activity assay showed that miR-1179 had complementary binding sites with circFOXM1 and SPAG5. CircFOXM1 silencing inhibited malignant phenotypes in HCC cells were partly rescued by either miR-1179 silencing or SPAG5 overexpression. CircFOXM1 promoted HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-1179/SPAG5 axis.
| S-EPMC8668908 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally possesses a high resistance to chemotherapy. Given that autophagy is an important factor promoting tumor chemoresistance and HCC express low level of miR-26, we aim to investigate the functional role of miR-26 in autophagy-mediated chemoresistance of HCC. We found that chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) induced autophagy but decreased the level of miR-26a/b in HCC cells. Activating autophagy using rapamycin can directly downregulate the level of miR-26a/b in HCC cells. In turn, restoring the expression of miR-26a/b inhibited autophagy induced by Dox and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells. Further mechanistic study identified that miR-26a and miR-26b target ULK1, a critical initiator of autophagy, at post-transcriptional level. Results from 30 cases of patients with HCC also showed that tumor cellular levels of miR-26a and miR-26b are significantly downregulated as compared with the corresponding control tissues and negatively correlated with the protein level of ULK1 but are not correlated to the mRNA level of ULK1. Gain- and loss-of-function assay confirmed that miR-26a/b inhibited autophagic flux at the initial stage through targeting ULK1. Overexpression of miR-26a/b enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to Dox and promoted apoptosis via inhibiting autophagy in vitro. Using xenograft models in nude mice, we confirmed that miR-26a/b, via inhibiting autophagy, promoted apoptosis and sensitized hepatomas to Dox treatment in vivo. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that miR-26a/b can promote apoptosis and sensitize HCC to chemotherapy via suppressing the expression of autophagy initiator ULK1, and provide the reduction of miR-26a/b in HCC as a novel mechanism of tumor chemoresistance.
| S-EPMC5386370 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in chemoresistance of tumors has been identified. Herein, this study aims to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of circ_0003998 in doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe expression of circ_0003998 and microRNA (miR)-218-5p and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2 (EIF5A2) mRNA was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, migration and invasion were analyzed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation and transwell assay, respectively. The levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin and EIF5A2 protein were detected using western blot. The interaction between miR-218-5p and circ_0003998 or EIF5A2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In vivo experiments were performed using murine xenograft models.ResultsCirc_0003998 was elevated in HCC tissues, DOX-resistant tissues and cells, and circ_0003998 knockdown promoted DOX-sensitivity in HCC by inhibiting resistant cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT in vitro and enhanced DOX cytotoxicity in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed circ_0003998 inhibited miR-218-5p expression, which was clarified to be a target of circ_0003998, and circ_0003998 knockdown sensitized HCC cell to DOX by sponging miR-218-5p. EIF5A2 was a target of miR-218-5p, and miR-218-5p mitigated DOX resistance in HCC cells through modulating EIF5A2 expression. Additionally, circ_0003998 served as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-218-5p to regulate EIF5A2 expression.ConclusionCirc_0003998 knockdown sensitized HCC cell to DOX by regulating miR-218-5p/EIF5A2 axis, indicating new markers of poor response to DOX and potential therapeutic strategies for the chemotherapy of HCC.
| S-EPMC7733254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The molecular function of pannexin1 (Panx1) in different tumor types has been remained equivocal. Until now, there is no study focused on the function of panx1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the role of Panx1 in the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Methods: The expressions of Panx1 in 126 cases of HCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of Panx1 on HCC cell metastasis and invasion were observed by transwell. The expression levels of Panx1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins in HCC cells and tissues were detected by western blot and IHC. The tumor metastatic abilities were compared between Panx1 knockout mice and nude mice. Results: The higher expression of Panx1 in HCC was positively correlated with tumor lymph node metastasis, TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) classification and poor prognosis (overall survival, hazard ratio [HR] 2.769, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.528-5.017, P=0.001; disease-free survival, HR=2.344, 95%CI 1.473-3.730, P<0.001). Overexpression of Panx1 promoted invasion and migration of HCC cells through modulation of EMT in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the high expression of Panx1 is associated with poor HCC prognosis, providing a new clue for effective intervention for HCC metastasis.
| S-EPMC6843873 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence supports the association of microRNA with tumor occurrence and development. However, the expression of miR-6875-3p and its role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. METHODS:The expression of miR-6875-3p and BTG2 in HCC tissues and cell lines was detected by using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. A western blot assay, qRT-PCR and Luciferase reporter assay were employed to study the interaction between miR-6875-3p and BTG2. Cell proliferation invasion and metastasis were measured by MTT, transwell and matrigel analyses in vitro. In vivo, tumorigenicity and metastasis assays were performed in nude mice. RESULTS:We found that miR-6875-3p were elevated expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated with BTG2 expression, while positively correlated with tumor staging, size, degree of differentiation, and vascular invasion of HCC. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays showed that miR-6875-3p regulates EMT and improve the proliferation, metastasis and stem cell-like properties of HCC cells. BTG2 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-6875-3p via the 3'-UTR of BTG2. We also confirmed that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION:Our study provides evidence that high expression of miR-6875-3p can promote tumorigenesis of HCC in vitro and in vivo, so as to function as a novel oncogene in HCC. In mechanism, we found that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway.
| S-EPMC6323674 | biostudies-other