Poor Humoral Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients following Complete mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cao J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8436382 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9191559 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have shown suboptimal antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination. Several risk factors for the diminished response have been identified including immunosuppression and older age, but the influence of different comorbidities is not fully elucidated.MethodThis case-control study consisted of 420 Danish adult SOT recipients and 840 sex- and age-matched controls, all vaccinated with a third homologous dose of either BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine. The primary outcome was differences in humoral immune response. The secondary outcome was breakthrough infections. Additionally, we looked for factors that could predict possible differences between the two groups.ResultsResponse rate increased from 186/382 (49%) to 275/358 (77%) in SOT recipients and remained on 781/790 (99%) to 601/609 (99%) in controls following a third vaccine dose. SOT recipients had significantly lower median antibody concentrations after third dose compared to controls (332.6 BAU/ml vs 46,470.0 BAU/ml, p <0.001). Lowest median antibody concentrations were seen in SOT recipients with liver disease (10.3 BAU/ml, IQR 7.1-319) and diabetes (275.3 BAU/ml, IQR 7.3-957.4). Breakthrough infections occurred similarly frequent, 150 (40%) among cases and 301 (39%) among controls (p = 0.80).ConclusionA third COVID-19 vaccine dose resulted in a significant increase in humoral immunogenicity in SOT recipients and maintained high response rate in controls. Furthermore, SOT recipients were less likely to produce antibodies with overall lower antibody concentrations and humoral immunity was highly influenced by the presence of liver disease and diabetes. The prevalence of breakthrough infections was similar in the two groups.
| S-EPMC9780530 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Little is known about cell-mediated immune responses to natural influenza infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the CD4+ and CD8+ responses to influenza A and B infection in a cohort of SOT patients. We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells at influenza diagnosis and four weeks later from 31 SOT patients during the 2017-2018 influenza season. Infection-elicited influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were measured using flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining and compared to responses following influenza vaccine in SOT patients. Natural infection was associated with a significant increase in CD4+ T-cell responses. For example, polyfunctional cells increased from 21 to 782 and from 193 to 1436 cells per 106 CD4+ T-cells among influenza A/H3N2 and B-infected patients (p?=?0.006 and 0.004 respectively). Moreover, infection-elicited CD4+ responses were superior than vaccine-elicited responses for influenza A/H1N1 (931 vs 1; p?=?0.026), A/H3N2 (647 vs 1; p?=?0.041) and B (619 vs 1; p?=?0.004). Natural influenza infection triggers a significant increase in CD4+ T-cell responses in SOT patients. Infection elicits significantly stronger CD4+ responses compared to the influenza vaccine and thereby likely elicits better protection against reinfection.
| S-EPMC7308384 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8857776 | biostudies-literature
Project description:GoalWe aimed to assess the incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vaccinated versus unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) at our center.MethodsWe abstracted the following clinical data from our transplant registry from 1/1/2021 to 6/2/2021: demographics, details of COVID-19 vaccination, incidence of COVID-19, and related mortality. We calculated incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 per 1000/person days at risk and incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsAmong 2151 SOTRs, 912 were fully vaccinated, and 1239 were controls (1151 unvaccinated, 88 partially vaccinated). Almost 70% of vaccinated subjects received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. There were 65 cases of COVID-19 that occurred during the study period - four occurred among fully vaccinated individuals and 61 among controls (including two in partially vaccinated individuals). Incidence rate for COVID-19 was 0.065 (95% CI 0.024-0.17) per 1000 person days in vaccinated versus 0.34 (95% CI 0.26-0.44) per 1000/person days in the control group; IRR was 0.19 (95% CI 0.049 -0.503, p < 0.005). There were no COVID-19 related deaths in the four breakthrough infections and two of 61 (3.3%) among controls.ConclusionWe demonstrate real world clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in SOTRs with an almost 80% reduction in the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 versus unvaccinated SOTRs during the same time.
| S-EPMC8420394 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Invasive mold infections represent an increasing source of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Whereas there is a large literature regarding invasive molds infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplants, data in solid organ transplants are scarcer. In this comprehensive review, we focused on invasive mold infection in the specific population of solid organ transplant. We highlighted epidemiology and specific risk factors for these infections and we assessed the main clinical and imaging findings by fungi and by type of solid organ transplant. Finally, we attempted to summarize the diagnostic strategy for detection of these fungi and tried to give an overview of the current prophylaxis treatments and outcomes of these infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
| S-EPMC4261198 | biostudies-other
Project description:Solid organ transplant recipients are at high risk of severe disease from COVID-19. We assessed the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 vaccine using a combination of antibody testing, surrogate neutralization assays, and T cell assays. Patients were immunized with two doses of vaccine and immunogenicity assessed after each dose using the above tests. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were assessed in a subset using flow-cytometry. A total of 127 patients were enrolled of which 110 provided serum at all time points. A positive anti-RBD antibody was seen in 5.0% after one dose and 34.5% after two doses. Neutralizing antibody was present in 26.9%. Of note, 28.5% of patients with anti-RBD did not have neutralizing antibody. T cell responses in a sub-cohort of 48 patients showed a positive CD4+ T cell response in 47.9%. Of note, in this sub-cohort, 46.2% of patients with a negative anti-RBD, still had a positive CD4+ T cell response. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. In summary, immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine was modest, but a subset of patients still develop neutralizing antibody and CD4+T- cell responses. Importantly polyfunctional CD4+T cell responses were observed in a significant portion who were antibody negative, further highlighting the importance of vaccination in this patient population. IRB Statement: This study was approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board (CAPCR ID 20-6069).
| S-EPMC8441872 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8222879 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8262620 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe study objective was to evaluate 2- and 3-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization among adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsWe conducted a 21-site case-control analysis of 10 425 adults hospitalized in March to December 2021. Cases were hospitalized with COVID-19; controls were hospitalized for an alternative diagnosis (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-negative). Participants were classified as follows: SOT recipient (n = 440), other immunocompromising condition (n = 1684), or immunocompetent (n = 8301). The VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was calculated as 1-adjusted odds ratio of prior vaccination among cases compared with controls.ResultsAmong SOT recipients, VE was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], -19% to 58%) for 2 doses and 77% (95% CI, 48% to 90%) for 3 doses. Among patients with other immunocompromising conditions, VE was 72% (95% CI, 64% to 79%) for 2 doses and 92% (95% CI, 85% to 95%) for 3 doses. Among immunocompetent patients, VE was 88% (95% CI, 87% to 90%) for 2 doses and 96% (95% CI, 83% to 99%) for 3 doses.ConclusionsEffectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines was lower for SOT recipients than immunocompetent adults and those with other immunocompromising conditions. Among SOT recipients, vaccination with 3 doses of an mRNA vaccine led to substantially greater protection than 2 doses.
| S-EPMC9047160 | biostudies-literature