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Comparative analysis and serovar-specific identification of multiple-banded antigen genes of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1.

ABSTRACT: Ureaplasma urealyticum is a causative agent of nongonococcal urethritis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several other diseases. The species is divided into 14 serovars and two biovars, of which biovar 1 is most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Reported associations between individual serovars and diseases have been difficult to confirm because of practical difficulties with serotyping. The multiple-banded antigen (MBA) is the predominant U. urealyticum antigen recognized during infections in humans and probably has a significant role in virulence. The 5' end of the MBA gene is relatively conserved but contains biovar, and possibly serovar, specificity. The 5' ends of the MBA genes of standard strains of U. urealyticum biovar 1, consisting of serovars 1, 3, 6, and 14, were amplified, cloned into pUC19, and sequenced to identify serovar-specific differences. The 5' end of the MBA gene sequence of serovar 3 was identical with the previously published sequence and differed by only three bases from that of serovar 14. Significant differences between the MBA gene sequences allowed biovar 1 to be divided into two subgroups, containing serovars 3/14 and serovars 1 and 6, respectively, using primers UMS-125-UMA269 and UMS-125-UMA269'. Serovars 1 and 6 were distinguished by restriction enzyme analysis of the amplicon and/or by PCR specific for serovar 6. These methods were used to identify and type U. urealyticum in 185 (46.3%) of 400 genital specimens from women. Biovar 1 was detected in 89.2% and biovar 2 in 18.3% of positive specimens. Of 165 specimens containing U. urealyticum biovar 1, 22.2% contained more than one serovar and 46.7, 46.1, and 25.5% contained serovars 1, 3/14, and 6, respectively. U. urealyticum was found in a significantly higher proportion of pregnant women than in sex workers and other women attending a sexually transmissible diseases clinic (P < 0.01). The methods described are relatively rapid, practicable, and specific for serotyping isolates and for direct detection and identification of individual serovars in clinical specimens containing U. urealyticum biovar 1.

SUBMITTER: Kong F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC84456 | biostudies-literature | 1999 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative analysis and serovar-specific identification of multiple-banded antigen genes of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1.

Kong F F Zhu X X Wang W W Zhou X X Gordon S S Gilbert G L GL

Journal of clinical microbiology 19990301 3

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a causative agent of nongonococcal urethritis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several other diseases. The species is divided into 14 serovars and two biovars, of which biovar 1 is most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Reported associations between individual serovars and diseases have been difficult to confirm because of practical difficulties with serotyping. The multiple-banded antigen (MBA) is the predominant U. urealyticum antigen recognized durin ...[more]

PMID: 9986808

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Project description:BackgroundUreaplasma urealyticum (UUR) and Ureaplasma parvum (UPA) are sexually transmitted bacteria among humans implicated in a variety of disease states including but not limited to: nongonococcal urethritis, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, chorioamnionitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. There are 10 distinct serotypes of UUR and 4 of UPA. Efforts to determine whether difference in pathogenic potential exists at the ureaplasma serovar level have been hampered by limitations of antibody-based typing methods, multiple cross-reactions and poor discriminating capacity in clinical samples containing two or more serovars.ResultsWe determined the genome sequences of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strains of all UUR and UPA serovars as well as four clinical isolates of UUR for which we were not able to determine serovar designation. UPA serovars had 0.75-0.78 Mbp genomes and UUR serovars were 0.84-0.95 Mbp. The original classification of ureaplasma isolates into distinct serovars was largely based on differences in the major ureaplasma surface antigen called the multiple banded antigen (MBA) and reactions of human and animal sera to the organisms. Whole genome analysis of the 14 serovars and the 4 clinical isolates showed the mba gene was part of a large superfamily, which is a phase variable gene system, and that some serovars have identical sets of mba genes. Most of the differences among serovars are hypothetical genes, and in general the two species and 14 serovars are extremely similar at the genome level.ConclusionsComparative genome analysis suggests UUR is more capable of acquiring genes horizontally, which may contribute to its greater virulence for some conditions. The overwhelming evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer among these organisms from our previous studies combined with our comparative analysis indicates that ureaplasmas exist as quasi-species rather than as stable serovars in their native environment. Therefore, differential pathogenicity and clinical outcome of a ureaplasmal infection is most likely not on the serovar level, but rather may be due to the presence or absence of potential pathogenicity factors in an individual ureaplasma clinical isolate and/or patient to patient differences in terms of autoimmunity and microbiome.

Project description:Ureaplasma urealyticum is a common commensal of the female lower urogenital tract, yet it has been shown to be an important cause of chorioamnion infection, respiratory and central nervous system disease, and death in premature infants. It has been suggested that only certain serovars are capable of producing invasive disease. However, we previously showed that many serotypes are invasive and that perhaps antigen variability and host factors are more important determinants of ureaplasma infections than are different serotypes per se. The molecular characterization in this report describes a mechanism available to ureaplasmas for producing antigen variation. That antigen, designated MB and previously identified on U. urealyticum, contains serovar-specific and cross-reactive epitopes, is produced both in vitro and in vivo, is a predominant antigen recognized during ureaplasma infections of humans, undergoes a high rate of size variation in vitro, and is size variable on invasive ureaplasma isolates. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the gene of the MB antigen from serovar 3, the serovar most commonly isolated from humans. The 3' two-thirds of the gene was shown to contain identical 18-nucleotide tandem repeats. PCR analysis and direct sequencing of two variants indicated that alterations within this repeat region are responsible for the size variation of the MB antigen. Intact recombinant serovar 3 MB antigen and truncated products, expressed by coupled in vitro transcription and translation of the cloned gene, were immunoprecipitated by both a serovar-specific monoclonal antibody and the serum of a U. urealyticum-infected patient, and these results identified the repeat region of the MB antigen as serovar defining. Resolution of the precise amino acids responsible for specific epitopes and characterization of similar genes in the other serovars should yield reagents useful in elucidating the role of antigen size variants in disease production and the role of specific antibody in protection from ureaplasma disease.

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Comparative analysis and serovar-specific identification of multiple-banded antigen genes of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1.

Publications

Comparative analysis and serovar-specific identification of multiple-banded antigen genes of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1.

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