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Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice.

ABSTRACT: Excess nutrient uptake and altered hormone secretion in the gut contribute to a systemic energy imbalance, which causes obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. This functional maladaptation is thought to emerge at the level of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, it is not clear how an obesogenic diet affects ISC identity and fate. Here we show that an obesogenic diet induces ISC and progenitor hyperproliferation, enhances ISC differentiation and cell turnover and changes the regional identities of ISCs and enterocytes in mice. Single-cell resolution of the enteroendocrine lineage reveals an increase in progenitors and peptidergic enteroendocrine cell types and a decrease in serotonergic enteroendocrine cell types. Mechanistically, we link increased fatty acid synthesis, Ppar signaling and the Insr-Igf1r-Akt pathway to mucosal changes. This study describes molecular mechanisms of diet-induced intestinal maladaptation that promote obesity and therefore underlie the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and associated complications.

SUBMITTER: Aliluev A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8458097 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Diet and host genetics influence the composition of intestinal microbiota, yet few studies have compared the function of intestinal microbiota in the diet- or genotype-induced lipid deposition, which limits our understanding of the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolic disorders. The lipid accumulation in wild-type zebrafish fed with control (CON) or high-fat (HF) diet and two gene-knockout zebrafish lines (cpt1b -/- or pparab -/-) fed with control diet was measured after a 4-week feeding experiment. The intestinal microbiota composition of these groups was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing (DNA-based) and 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based). The HF diet or deficiency of two genes induced more weight gain and higher triglyceride content in the liver compared with their control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) indicated the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria in the HF group compared with CON, but there was no significant difference in bacterial α diversity among treatments. 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) confirmed the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and the bacterial α diversity in the HF group compared with CON. Deficiency of cpt1b or pparab showed less change in microbiota composition compared with their wild-type group. Intestinal microbiota of each group was transferred to germ-free zebrafish, and the quantification of Nile red staining indicated that the intestinal microbiota of the HF group induced more lipid accumulation compared with CON, whereas intestinal microbiota of cpt1b -/- and pparab -/- zebrafish did not. The results showed that RNA-based bacterial sequencing revealed more bacterial alteration than DNA-based bacterial sequencing. HF diet had a more dominant role in shaping gut microbiota composition to induce lipid accumulation compared with the gene-knockout of cpt1b or pparab in zebrafish, and the transplant of intestinal microbiota from HF-fed fish induced more lipid deposition in germ-free zebrafish. Together, these data suggested that a high-fat diet exerted a more dominant role over the deletion of cpt1b or pparab on the intestinal bacterial composition, which corresponded to lipid accumulation.

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Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice.

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