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Targeting the DNA damage response enhances CD70 CAR-T cell therapy for renal carcinoma by activating the cGAS-STING pathway.

ABSTRACT: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown tremendous success in eradicating hematologic malignancies. However, this success has not yet been extrapolated to solid tumors due to the limited infiltration and persistence of CAR-T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we screened a novel anti-CD70 scFv and generated CD70 CAR-T cells that showed effective antitumor functions against CD70⁺ renal carcinoma cells (RCCs) both in vitro and in vivo. We further evaluated the effect and explored the molecular mechanism of a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) in CAR-T cell immunotherapy by administering the PARPi to mouse xenografts model derived from human RCC cells. Treatment with the PARPi promoted CAR-T cell infiltration by stimulating a chemokine milieu that promoted CAR-T cell recruitment and the modulation of immunosuppression in the TME. Moreover, our data demonstrate that PARPi modulates the TME by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby altering the balance of immunostimulatory signaling and enabling low-dose CAR-T cell treatment to induce effective tumor regression. These data demonstrate the application of CD70 CAR-T cell therapeutic strategies for RCC and the cross-talk between targeting DNA damage responses and antitumor CAR-T cell therapy. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of PARPis in CAR-T cell therapy for RCC and suggest a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.

SUBMITTER: Ji F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8461872 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundAs one of the most common malignancy, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is characterized by low 5-year survival rate. This research aimed to investigate the effects of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) on malignant biological behaviors and activation of cGAS/STING pathway. We also explored the synergistic sensitization mechanisms of RRM2 and radiotherapy.MethodsBioinformatic tools were used to evaluate the clinical significance of RRM2 in LUAD patients. The roles of RRM2 in malignant phenotype and DNA damage in LUAD cells were investigated with cell proliferation, colony formation, immunofluorescence, modified Boyden chamber and comet assays. The mouse models were used to evaluate the biological significance of RRM2 in vivo. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration was evaluated via flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry staining in C57BL/6 mice. We also explored the synergistic effects of RRM2 silencing and radiation on LUAD cells with apoptosis assay and immunoblotting in vitro.ResultsBioinformatic analysis revealed that RRM2 had diagnostic values for LUAD patients. Higher levels of RRM2 predicted worse prognosis. RRM2 silencing inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, invasion and migration. RRM2 knockdown induced S phase arrest and DNA damage. RRM2 silencing induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and the downstream targets were regulated in a STING-dependent manner. Knockdown of RRM2 suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft tumor models. RRM2 deficiency increased CD8 + T cells in the tumor tissues and spleens. Furthermore, RRM2 silencing had synergistic effects with radiation on inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Meanwhile, this combination promoted the activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway synergistically, and simultaneously increased expression of IFNβ, CCL5 and CXCL10.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that RRM2 silencing had anti-tumor values and activated the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. RRM2 silencing increased CD8 + T cells infiltration. RRM2 silencing cooperated with radiation to inhibit LUAD cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and enhance the activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway. RRM2 could be a promising target for tumor regression through cancer immunotherapy in LUAD.

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Targeting the DNA damage response enhances CD70 CAR-T cell therapy for renal carcinoma by activating the cGAS-STING pathway.

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