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Ironsand (Titanomagnetite-Titanohematite): Chemistry, Magnetic Properties and Direct Applications for Wireless Power Transfer.

ABSTRACT: Ironsand is an abundant and inexpensive magnetic mineral resource. However, the magnetic properties of unprocessed ironsand are often inadequate for any practical applications. In this work, the applicability of ironsand for use as a component in a soft magnetic composite for large-scale inductive power transfer applications was investigated. After magnetic separation, the chemical, structural and magnetic properties of ironsand sourced from different locations were compared. Differences observed in the DC magnetic properties were consistent with changes in the chemical compositions obtained from X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), which suggests varying the titanohematite to titanomagnetite content. Increased content in titanomagnetite and magnetic permeability correlated well with the total Fe content in the materials. The best-performing ironsand with the highest permeability and lowest core losses was used alongside Mn,Zn-Ferrite particles (ranging from ∼100 μm to 2 mm) to fabricate toroid cores with varying magnetic material loading. It was shown that ironsand can be used to replace up to 15 wt.% of the magnetic materials with minimal impact on the composite magnetic performance, thus reducing the cost. Ironsand was also used as a supporting material in a single-rail wireless power transfer system, effectively increasing the power transfer, demonstrating potential applications to reduce flux leakage.

SUBMITTER: Leveneur J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8466428 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:This paper presents a multifunctional coil technique to enhance the transfer efficiency of an inductively-coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system, regardless of the alignment condition and size ratio between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils. The technique incorporates an auxiliary coil on the Tx side, where current is induced through coupling from the primary coil. Since the Tx coil consists of two coils, transmission to the Rx occurs through the coil with the higher coupling coefficient, determined by the misalignment state. Additionally, by controlling this current using a varactor placed on the auxiliary coil, an optimal magnetic flux is generated based on the alignment condition and/or the size of the Rx coil. In perfect alignment, the auxiliary coil focuses the flux from the Tx to the Rx coil, maximizing transfer efficiency. In misalignment scenarios, the current on the auxiliary coil is adjusted to shift the effective center of the Tx coil, achieving the strongest alignment of the magnetic flux traversing the Rx coil. This adjustment, which can be controlled adaptively based not only on the degree of misalignment but also on the size of the Rx coil, enables virtually null-free operation across varying misalignment conditions and for different Rx sizes. Furthermore, as this multifunctionality of the proposed system is achieved with a minimal number of additional components-just a single auxiliary coil and a single varactor-the impact on the overall quality factor (Q) of the system is minimized, contributing to the higher efficiency. In a size-symmetric system, where the Tx and Rx coils have the same size, the efficiency reaches 98.1% in perfect alignment and remains above 60% with up to 135% misalignment relative to the largest coil dimension. In a size-asymmetric system, with the Rx coil reduced to a quarter of the Tx coil, the efficiency is 96.1% in perfect alignment and remains above 60% up to 95% misalignment. Despite its enhanced practicality through a simple structure featuring only one auxiliary coil and an asymmetric configuration integrated solely on the Tx side, the proposed technique surpasses previous methods by delivering significantly superior performance. Moreover, it demonstrates unprecedented tolerance to both misalignment and smaller Rx coil sizes, which is frequently encountered in practical applications.

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Ironsand (Titanomagnetite-Titanohematite): Chemistry, Magnetic Properties and Direct Applications for Wireless Power Transfer.

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