Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Consumption Alter Behavioral Variables and Intestinal Permeability and Microbiota in BTBR Mice.
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SUBMITTER: Nettleton JE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8469248 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study aimed at determining the influence of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplemented diets on Oreochromis niloticus. Fish with initial body weight (25.8 ± 1.2) g and length range from (13.5 ± 1.5) cm were collected and randomized to four dietary treatments for 60 days. Furthermore, fish were divided into three groups in triplicate; A0 control (-ve), A1 control (+ve) infected with V.anguillarium, and a third non-treated group. Moreover, the third group further separated into two groups, A and B. Group (A) was treated with prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic (A2, A3, and A4), while group (B) was infected with V.anguillarium then treated with prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic (A5, A6, and A7). The results revealed that all treatments supplemented with synbiotics represented highly significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in (SGR), BWG percentage, relative growth rate (%), lysozyme activity, IMG, SOD, and CAT. At the same time, they exhibited a significant decrease in MAD and FCR. Besides, fish that feed dietary supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics revealed a significant increase in RBCs, WBCs, and Hb. In contrast, they showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, albumin, total protein, globulin, creatinine, and urea compared with control. Additionally, high survival rates were recorded in groups that received a diet supplemented with probiotics, followed by prebiotics and synbiotics.
| S-EPMC9800631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The increasing trend of ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) across the globe in the poultry industry has led to a growing need for alternatives to AGPs. Prebiotic, probiotic and their combination as a synbiotic have been considered as potential alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a prebiotic (isomaltooligosaccharide, IMO), a probiotic (PrimaLac®), and their combination (synbiotic) on hen performance, biochemical and haematological responses, and relative organ weights from 20 to 52 weeks of age.Supplementation of 1% IMO (PRE), 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO) and 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN) improved (P < 0.05) feed intake and egg production at 20-36 weeks of age; body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and egg mass at 20-36 and 20-52 weeks of age; and egg weight at 20-36, 37-52 and 20-52 weeks of age. Compared to control-fed hens at 20-36 weeks of age, PRO- and SYN-fed hens produced less (P < 0.05) small size eggs while SYN-fed hens produced more large size eggs. From 37 to 52 weeks of age, PRE-, PRO- or SYN-fed hens produced less (P < 0.05) medium size eggs, and more large and extra-large size eggs. PRE, PRO or SYN supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the serum total cholesterol at 36 weeks of age, and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at 36 and 52 weeks of age. At 36 and 52 weeks of age, supplementation of PRE, PRO or SYN increased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte percentage and decreased (P < 0.05) heterophil percentage, leading to a lower heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. No significant differences were observed in the relative weights of the heart, liver, ovary, pancreas and spleen of all dietary treatment groups.Supplementation of PRE, PRO or SYN improved performance, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ALT, ALP and H/L ratio of hens from 20 to 52 weeks of age. These results demonstrated the use of PRE, PRO and SYN as alternative feed additives to AGPs for improving the health and productivity of hens, while PRO is the best for commercial layer production to yield maximum profit.
| S-EPMC5559823 | biostudies-other
Project description:Introduction: There is an emerging interest in modulating the gut microbiota to target the gut-brain axis and improve maternal mental health in the perinatal period. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of maternal mental health problems in the perinatal period. Methods: Electronic biomedical databases and clinical trial registries were searched from database inception through August 2020 to identify randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic supplements administered to women during pregnancy on measures of perinatal depression, anxiety, and other mental health outcomes. Study selection, risk of bias appraisal, and data extraction were independently performed by two reviewers. Pooled mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (pOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses for the outcomes of interest in the review. Results: From 3,868 studies identified through the search strategy, three RCTs of low risk of bias involving 713 participants were included, all three testing probiotics. There were no differences between probiotics and control groups in the mean depression scores (MD -0.46; 95% CI -2.16, 1.25) at end of follow-up. Although statistical significance was not achieved, probiotics showed an advantage in the proportion of participants scoring below an established cut-off for depression (pOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.43, 1.07). Compared to placebo, probiotics in pregnancy reduced anxiety symptoms (MD -0.99; 95% CI -1.80, -0.18); however, this advantage was not translated in a reduction in the proportion of participants scoring above an established cut-off for anxiety (pOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.23, 1.85). There were no differences between probiotics and control groups in global mental health scores at end of follow-up (MD 1.09; 95% CI -2.04, 4.22). Conclusion: There is limited but promising evidence about the effectiveness of probiotics during pregnancy to reduce anxiety symptoms and reduce the proportion of women scoring ABOVE a cut-off depression score. There is a lack of RCT evidence supporting prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation for similar purposes in the perinatal period. More research is needed before prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are recommended to support maternal mental health and well-being in the perinatal period. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019137158.
| S-EPMC8100186 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses.MethodsAll meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included. The meta-analysis of observational and systematic review studies without meta-analysis were excluded. We reported the results by implementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence.ResultsOverall, 97 meta-analysis studies were included. Most studies were conducted on the effect of probiotics in both genders. Consumption of prebiotic: 8-66 g/day, probiotic: 104 -1.35×1015 colony-forming unit (CFU)/day, and synbiotic: 106-1.5×1011 CFU/day and 0.5-300 g/day for 2 to 104 weeks showed a favorable effect on the overweight/obesity indicators. Moreover, an inverse association was observed between biotics consumption and overweight/obesity risk in adults in most of the studies. Biotics did not show any beneficial effect on weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women by 6.6×105-1010 CFU/day of probiotics during 1-25 weeks and 1×109-112.5×109 CFU/capsule of synbiotics during 4-8 weeks. The effect of biotics on weight and BMI in infants is predominantly non-significant. Prebiotics and probiotics used in infancy were from 0.15 to 0.8 g/dL and 2×106-6×109 CFU/day for 2-24 weeks, respectively.ConclusionIt seems biotics consumption can result in favorable impacts on some anthropometric indices of overweight/obesity (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) in the general population, without any significant effects on birth weight or weight gain during pregnancy and infancy. So, it is recommended to intake the biotics as complementary medications for reducing anthropometric indices of overweight/obese adults. However, more well-designed trials are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics.
| S-EPMC10987746 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Co-infections with malaria and non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes (NTS) can present as life-threatening bacteremia, in contrast to self-resolving NTS diarrhea in healthy individuals. In previous work with our mouse model of malaria/NTS co-infection, we showed increased gut mastocytosis and increased ileal and plasma histamine levels that were temporally associated with increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation. Here, we report that gut mastocytosis and elevated plasma histamine are also associated with malaria in an animal model of falciparum malaria, suggesting a broader host distribution of this biology. In support of mast cell function in this phenotype, malaria/NTS co-infection in mast cell-deficient mice was associated with a reduction in gut permeability and bacteremia. Further, antihistamine treatment reduced bacterial translocation and gut permeability in mice with malaria, suggesting a contribution of mast cell-derived histamine to GI pathology and enhanced risk of bacteremia during malaria/NTS co-infection.
| S-EPMC4724463 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies suggested that gut dysbacteriosis may promote the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements may alleviate CKD progression. This study aims to examine the association between probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements and the risk of CKD using the data from NHANES.MethodsThis study was designed to prospectively search data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2020). We examined dietary supplements and prescription medication labels to identify probiotic, or prebiotic product, and yogurt consumption during the dietary interview. The diagnosis of CKD was determined by the value of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR).ResultsThe study enrolled a total of 6,522 individuals. The prevalence of CKD was lower in the probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt consumption group [age-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95, P = 0.02; multivariable-adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.07, P = 0.05]. Furthermore, 32% reduced risk was observed in the older group aged 55 years or older, and 32% reduced risk was also observed in the female population. Probiotic, or prebiotic, or yogurt supplements was associated a 12% reduction in moderate risk of CKD and an 11% reduction in very high risk of CKD.ConclusionOur results suggest that probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements may contribute to the prevention of CKD and relieve its progression risk, especially in the female population and older population who were aged 55 years or older.
| S-EPMC9822650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS:It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiota affect development of mucosal inflammation or inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated interactions between dietary ingredients, nutrients, and the microbiota in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice given more than 40 unique diets; we quantified individual and synergistic effects of dietary macronutrients and the microbiota on intestinal health and development of colitis. METHODS:C56BL/6J SPF and GF mice were placed on custom diets containing different concentrations and sources of protein, fat, digestible carbohydrates, and indigestible carbohydrates (fiber). After 1 week, SPF and GF mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Disease severity was determined based on the percent weight change from baseline, and modeled as a function of the concentration of each macronutrient in the diet. In unchallenged mice, we measured intestinal permeability by feeding mice labeled dextran and measuring levels in blood. Feces were collected and microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We collected colons from mice and performed transcriptome analyses. RESULTS:Fecal microbiota varied with diet; the concentration of protein and fiber had the strongest effect on colitis development. Among 9 fiber sources tested, psyllium, pectin, and cellulose fiber reduced the severity of colitis in SPF mice, whereas methylcellulose increased severity. Increasing dietary protein increased the density of the fecal microbiota and the severity of colitis in SPF mice, but not in GF mice or mice given antibiotics. Psyllium fiber reduced the severity of colitis through microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms. Combinatorial perturbations to dietary casein protein and psyllium fiber in parallel accounted for most variation in gut microbial density and intestinal permeability in unchallenged mice, as well as the severity of DSS-induced colitis; changes in 1 ingredient could be offset by changes in another. CONCLUSIONS:In an analysis of the effects of different dietary components and the gut microbiota on mice with and without DSS-induced colitis, we found complex mixtures of nutrients affect intestinal permeability, gut microbial density, and development of intestinal inflammation.
| S-EPMC5847454 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.MethodsEight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, GBRS or its synbiotic combination. After 7 days supplementation, colitis was induced by adding 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days while continuing the supplemented diets. Animal health was monitored and after 14 days all animals were sacrificed to measure the biochemical and histochemical changes associated with each supplement type.ResultsThe disease activity index and histological damage score for DSS-control mice (6.1, 17.1, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy mice. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated these markers (- 67%, - 94% respectively) more adequately than B. coagulans (- 52%, - 58% respectively) or GBRS (- 57%, - 26%, respectively) alone. Compared to DSS-control synbiotic supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) maintained expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, synbiotic effects accounted for ~ 40% suppression of IL-1β and ~ 29% increase in IL-10 levels in serum while also reducing C-reactive protein (- 37%) compared to that of the DSS-control. While, B. coagulans alone could not induce additional levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beyond the caecum, the synbiotic combination with GBRS resulted in substantial increased SCFA levels across the whole length of the colon.ConclusionThe synbiotic supplementation with B. coagulans and GBRS ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental IBD model via synergistic functioning. This supports researching its application in mitigating inflammation in human IBD.
| S-EPMC7669818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundType 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome's potential role in diabetes' pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes.ResultsFrom 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Acetobacter, Lactococcus, and Propionibacterium), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics.ConclusionAlthough some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.
| S-EPMC9751375 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe previously showed that the probiotic mixture, VSL#3, prevents the onset of ileitis in SAMP/YitFc (SAMP) mice, and this effect was associated with stimulation of epithelial-derived TNF. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) of VSL#3-mediated protection on epithelial barrier function and to further investigate the "paradoxical" effects of TNF in preventing SAMP ileitis.MethodsPermeability was evaluated in SAMP mice prior to the onset of inflammation and during established disease by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on ex vivo-cultured ilea following exposure to VSL#3 conditioned media (CM), TNF or VSL#3-CM + anti-TNF. Tight junction (TJ) proteins were assessed by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and confocal microscopy, and TNFRI/TNFRII expression measured in freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from SAMP and control AKR mice.ResultsCulture with either VSL#3-CM or TNF resulted in decreased ileal paracellular permeability in pre-inflamed SAMP, but not SAMP with established disease, while addition of anti-TNF abrogated these effects. Modulation of the TJ proteins, claudin-2 and occludin, occurred with a significant decrease in claudin-2 and increase in occludin following stimulation with VSL#3-CM or TNF. TNF protein levels increased in supernatants of SAMP ilea incubated with VSL#3-CM compared to vehicle, while IEC-derived TNFR mRNA expression decreased in young, and was elevated in inflamed, SAMP versus AKR mice.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that the previously established efficacy of VSL#3 in preventing SAMP ileitis is due to direct innate and homeostatic effects of TNF on the gut epithelium, modulation of the TJ proteins, claudin-2 and occludin, and overall improvement of intestinal permeability.
| S-EPMC3405026 | biostudies-literature