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Gold nanoparticle based plasmonic sensing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins.

ABSTRACT: An inexpensive virus detection scheme with high sensitivity and specificity is desirable for broad applications such as the COVID-19 virus. In this article, we introduce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) principle on the aggregation of antigen-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to detect SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Experiments show this technique can produce results observable by the naked eye in 5 min with a LOD (Limits of Detection) of 150 ng/ml for the N proteins. A comprehensive numerical model of the LSPR effect on the aggregation of GNPs has been developed to identify the key parameters in the reaction processes. The color-changing behaviors can be readily utilized to detect the existence of the virus while the quantitative concentration value is characterized with the assistance of an optical spectrometer. A parameter defined as the ratio of the light absorption intensity at the upper visible band region of 700 nm to the light absorption intensity at the peak optical absorption spectrum of the GNPs at 530 nm is found to have a linear relationship with respect to the N protein concentrations. As such, this scheme could be utilized as an inexpensive testing methodology for applications in POC (Point-of-Care) diagnostics to combat current and future virus-induced pandemics.

SUBMITTER: Behrouzi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8479426 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Effective and efficient management of human betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus infection i.e., COVID-19 pandemic, required sensitive and selective sensors with short sample-to-result durations for performing desired diagnostics. In this direction, one appropriate alternative approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus protein at low level i.e., femtomolar (fM) is exploring plasmonic metasensor technology for COVID-19 diagnostics, which offers exquisite opportunities in advanced healthcare programs, and modern clinical diagnostics. The intrinsic merits of plasmonic metasensors stem from their capability to squeeze electromagnetic fields, simultaneously in frequency, time, and space. However, the detection of low-molecular weight biomolecules at low densities is a typical drawback of conventional metasensors that has recently been addressed using toroidal metasurface technology. This research is focused on the fabrication of a miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept that can sustain robustly confined plasmonic modes with ultranarrow lineshapes in the terahertz (THz) frequencies. By exciting toroidal dipole mode using our quasi-infinite metasurface and a judiciously optimized protocol based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the specific monoclonal antibody specific to spike protein (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the metasurface, the resonance shifts for diverse concentrations of the spike protein are monitored. Possessing molecular weight around ~76 kDa allowed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus protein with significantly low as limit of detection (LoD) was achieved as ~4.2 fM. We envisage that outcomes of this research will pave the way toward the use of toroidal metasensors as practical technologies for rapid and precise screening of SARS-CoV-2 virus carriers, symptomatic or asymptomatic, and spike proteins in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and site of infection.

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Gold nanoparticle based plasmonic sensing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins.

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