Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Whole Blood Samples in Relation to Gender and Age.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Aro R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8495894 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Embryos and fetuses are of major concern due to their high vulnerability. Previous studies demonstrated that human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be underestimated because only a limited number of known PFAS can be measured. This investigation studied the total PFAS exposure by measuring the extractable organofluorine (EOF) in pooled maternal serum, placental tissue, and cord serum samples (total number of pooled samples: n = 45). The EOF was analyzed using combustion ion chromatography, and the concentrations of known PFAS were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Using a mass balance analysis approach, the amount of unknown PFAS was estimated between the levels of known PFAS and EOF. The EOF levels ranged from 2.85 to 7.17 ng F/mL (21 PFAS were quantified) in the maternal serum, from 1.02 to 1.85 ng F/g (23 PFAS were quantified) in the placental tissue, and from 1.2 to 2.10 ng F/mL (18 PFAS were quantified) in the cord serum. An average of 24, 51, and 9% of EOF is unidentified in the maternal serum, placental tissue, and cord serum, respectively. The results show that the levels of unidentified EOF are higher in the placental tissue, suggesting accumulation or potential transformation of precursors in the placenta.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Large numbers of autosomal sites are found differentially methylated in the aging genome. Due to analytical difficulties in dealing with sex differences in X-chromosome content and X-inactivation (XCI) in females, this has not been explored for the X chromosome. METHODS:Using data from middle age to elderly individuals (age 55+?years) from two Danish cohorts of monozygotic twins and the Scottish Lothian Birth Cohort 1921, we conducted an X-chromosome-wide analysis of age-associated DNA methylation patterns with consideration of stably inferred XCI status. RESULTS:Through analysing and comparing sex-specific X-linked DNA methylation changes over age late in life, we identified 123, 293 and 55 CpG sites significant (FDR?<?0.05) only in males, only in females and in both sexes of Danish twins. All findings were significantly replicated in the two Danish twin cohorts. CpG sites escaping XCI are predominantly de-methylated with increasing age across cohorts. In contrast, CpGs highly methylated in both sexes are methylated even further with increasing age. Among the replicated sites in Danish samples, 16 (13%), 24 (8.2%) and 3 (5.5%) CpGs were further validated in LBC1921 (FDR?<?0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The X-chromosome of whole blood leukocytes displays age- and sex-dependent DNA methylation patterns in relation to XCI across cohorts.
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Project description:PurposeDespite multiple studies regarding modes of eyebrow measurement and movement over time, the lateral aspect of the brow has been relatively ignored in the literature. Therefore, we arranged a study of the most lateral aspect of the eyebrow; in doing so, we hoped to ascertain the most practical line or angle of measurement.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, adults age 18 years and older with no history of congenital or acquired periorbital or orbital pathology or surgery, brow tattooing or heavy plucking, phthisis, or strabismus were measured using a combination of in-office metrics and computer analysis. Subjects were asked to identify their ethnicity and country of origin. Models of age, gender, and ethnicity were created.ResultsOne thousand twenty-four subjects were included (1,944 eyes). Measurements of nasal ala to lateral brow (NALB), lateral brow plumb line (LBPL; the vertical line between the tail of the brow and a horizontal line extending from the lateral canthus), and angle from the midbrow to the lateral brow tail showed statistically significant decline over time. The angle and LBPL varied mostly by ethnicity. The angle narrowed approximately 3° per 20 years, while the LBPL fell approximately 2.5 mm per 20 years. The NALB varied most by age and fell approximately 3 mm per 20 years.ConclusionsThe lateral tail of the brow descends with age. Measurements of its location and rate of change vary between genders and within ethnic groups. Two easily measured values-NALB and LBPL-can be used for preoperative planning and postoperative documentation.
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