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Expansion and application of dye tracers for measuring solid food intake and food preference in Drosophila.

ABSTRACT: The Drosophila model is used to investigate the effects of diet on physiology as well as the effects of genetic pathways, neural systems and environment on feeding behavior. We previously showed that Blue 1 works well as a dye tracer to track consumption of agar-based media in Drosophila in a method called Con-Ex. Here, we describe Orange 4 as a novel dye for use in Con-Ex studies that expands the utility of this method. Con-Ex experiments using Orange 4 detect the predicted effects of starvation, mating status, strain, and sex on feeding behavior in flies. Orange 4 is consumed and excreted into vials linearly with time in Con-Ex experiments, the number of replicates required to detect differences between groups when using Orange 4 is comparable to that for Blue 1, and excretion of the dye reflects the volume of consumed dye. In food preference studies using Orange 4 and Blue 1 as a dye pair, flies decreased their intake of food laced with the aversive tastants caffeine and NaCl as determined using Con-Ex or a more recently described modification called EX-Q. Our results indicate that Orange 4 is suitable for Con-Ex experiments, has comparable utility to Blue 1 in Con-Ex studies, and can be paired with Blue 1 to assess food preference via both Con-Ex and EX-Q.

SUBMITTER: Shell BC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8501022 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundPoor dietary choices may underlie known associations between having an evening diurnal preference and cardiometabolic diseases. Assessing causal links between diurnal preference and food intake is now possible in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.ObjectivesWe aimed to use a 2-sample MR to determine potential causal effects of genetic liability to a morning preference on food intake. We also examined potential causal effects of a morning preference on objectively captured response performances to email-administered 24-h diet recalls.MethodsWe used genetic variants associated with a morning preference from a published genome-wide association meta-analysis. Our outcomes included 61 food items with estimates from a food-frequency questionnaire in the UK Biobank (n = 361,194). For significant findings, we repeated the analysis using intake estimates from modified 24-h diet recalls in a subset of overlapping participants (n = 146,086). In addition, we examined 7 response performance outcomes, including the time and duration of responses to 24-h diet recalls (n = 123,035). MR effects were estimated using an inverse-variance weighted analysis.ResultsGenetic liability to a morning preference was associated with increased intake of 6 food items (fresh fruit, alcohol with meals, bran cereal, cereals, dried fruit, and water), decreased intake of 4 food items (beer plus cider, processed meat, other cereals [e.g., corn or frosted flakes], and full cream milk), increased temperature of hot drinks, and decreased variation in diet (PFalse Discovery Rate < 0.05). There was no evidence for an effect on coffee or tea intake. Findings for fresh fruit, beer plus cider, bran cereal, and cereal were consistent when intakes were estimated by 24-h diet recalls (P < 0.05). We also identified potential causal links between a morning preference with earlier timing and a shorter duration for completing email-administered 24-h diet recalls.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for a potentially causal effect of a morning preference with the increased intake of foods known to constitute a healthy diet, suggesting possible health benefits of adopting a more morning diurnal preference.

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Expansion and application of dye tracers for measuring solid food intake and food preference in Drosophila.

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