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Assessing the impacts of irrigation termination periods on cotton productivity under strategic deficit irrigation regimes.

ABSTRACT: Determining optimum irrigation termination periods for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crucial for efficient utilization and conservation of finite groundwater resources of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas High Plains (THP) region. The goal of this study was to suggest optimum irrigation termination periods for different Evapotranspiration (ET) replacement-based irrigation strategies to optimize cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) using the CROPGRO-Cotton model. We re-evaluated a previously evaluated CROPGRO-Cotton model using updated yield and in-season physiological data from 2017 to 2019 growing seasons from an IWUE experiment at Halfway, TX. The re-evaluated model was then used to study the effects of combinations of irrigation termination periods (between August 15 and September 30) and deficit/excess irrigation strategies (55%-115% ET-replacement) under dry, normal and wet years using weather data from 1978 to 2019. The 85% ET-replacement strategy was found ideal for optimizing irrigation water use and cotton yield, and the optimum irrigation termination period for this strategy was found to be the first week of September during dry and normal years, and the last week of August during wet years. Irrigation termination periods suggested in this study are useful for optimizing cotton production and IWUE under different levels of irrigation water availability.

SUBMITTER: Himanshu SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8505508 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Precision irrigation technologies using sensor feedback can provide dynamic decision support to help farmers implement DI strategies. However, few studies have reported on the use of these systems for DI management. This two-year study was conducted in Bushland, Texas to investigate the performance of the geographic information (GIS) based irrigation scheduling supervisory control and data acquisition (ISSCADA) system as a tool to manage deficit irrigation scheduling for cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L). Two different irrigation scheduling methods automated by the ISSCADA system - (1) a plant feedback (designated C) - based on integrated crop water stress index (iCWSI) thresholds, and (2) a hybrid (designated H) method, created to combine soil water depletion and the iCWSI thresholds, were compared with a benchmark manual irrigation scheduling (M) that used weekly neutron probe readings. Each method applied irrigation at levels designed to be equivalent to 25%, 50% and 75% replenishment of soil water depletion to near field capacity (designated I25, I50 and I75) using the pre-established thresholds stored in the ISSCADA system or the designated percent replenishment of soil water depletion to field capacity in the M method. Fully irrigated and extremely deficit irrigated plots were also established. Relative to the fully irrigated plots, deficit irrigated plots at the I75 level for all irrigation scheduling methods-maintained seed cotton yield, while saving water. In 2021, the irrigation savings was a minimum of 20%, while in 2022, the minimum savings was 16%. Comparing the performance of deficit irrigation scheduling between the ISSCADA system and the manual method showed that crop response for all three methods were statistically similar at each irrigation level. Because the M method requires labor intensive and expensive use of the highly regulated neutron probe, the automated decision support provided by the ISSCADA system could simplify deficit irrigation management of cotton in a semi-arid region.

Project description:Water scarcity constrains the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and deficit irrigation as a new irrigation technology can effectively alleviate the problems of water scarcity and water use inefficiency in agriculture. In this study, the drip irrigation cotton field under film in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. Meta-analysis and machine learning were used to quantitatively analyze the effects of different farm management practices, climate, and soil conditions on cotton yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation, to investigate the importance of the effects of different factors on cotton yield and water use efficiency, and to formulate appropriate optimization strategies. The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly increased cotton water use efficiency (7.39%) but decreased cotton yield (-15.00%) compared with full irrigation. All three deficit irrigation levels (80~100% FI, 60~80% FI, and 40~60% FI; FI: full irrigation) showed a significant decrease in cotton yield and a significant increase in water use efficiency. Under deficit irrigation, cotton yield reduction was the smallest and cotton water use efficiency increased the most when planted with one film, two tubes, a six-row cropping pattern, an irrigation frequency ≥10 times, a nitrogen application of 300~400 kg·ha-1, and a crop density ≥240,000 per hectare, and planted with the Xinluzhong series of cotton varieties; deficit irrigation in areas with average annual temperature >10 °C, annual evapotranspiration >2000 mm, annual precipitation <60 mm, and with loam, sandy soil had the least inhibition of cotton yield and the greatest increase in cotton water use efficiency. The results of the random forest showed that the irrigation amount and nitrogen application had the greatest influence on cotton yield and water use efficiency. Rational irrigation based on optimal management practices under conditions of irrigation not less than 90% FI is expected to achieve a win-win situation for both cotton yield and water use efficiency. The above results can provide the best strategy for deficit irrigation and efficient water use in drip irrigation cotton under film in arid areas.

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Assessing the impacts of irrigation termination periods on cotton productivity under strategic deficit irrigation regimes.

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