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Nanopore Hybrid Assembly of Biscogniauxia mediterranea Isolated from Quercus cerris Affected by Charcoal Disease in an Endangered Coastal Wood.

ABSTRACT: Biscogniauxia mediterranea is the causal agent of charcoal disease, affecting oak decline under the trigger of various biotic and abiotic factors, including climate change. Here, we report the genome assembly of an Italian B. mediterranea strain obtained using hybrid sequencing technologies combining long and short reads.

SUBMITTER: Beccaccioli M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8530087 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background and aimsCork oaks (Quercus section Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects might explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks.MethodsWe inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth-death model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters and forest biomes occupied by modern species to infer ancestral climatic and biotic niches.Key resultsEast Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form and texture was correlated, in part, with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to mediterranean, arid and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process.ConclusionsOriginating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (section Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated southwards and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographical histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies (in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage and fire resistance) thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which are composed of oaks belonging to four sections.

Dataset Information

Nanopore Hybrid Assembly of Biscogniauxia mediterranea Isolated from Quercus cerris Affected by Charcoal Disease in an Endangered Coastal Wood.

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