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Catalytic strategy for conversion of fructose to organic dyes, polymers, and liquid fuels.

ABSTRACT: We report a process to produce a versatile platform chemical from biomass-derived fructose for organic dye, polymer, and liquid fuel industries. An aldol-condensed chemical (HAH) is synthesized as a platform chemical from fructose by catalytic reactions in acetone/water solvent with non-noble metal catalysts (e.g., HCl, NaOH). Then, selective reactions (e.g., etherification, reduction, dimerization) of the functional groups, such as enone and hydroxyl groups, in the HAH molecule enable applications in organic dyes and polyether precursors. High yields of target products, such as 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) (85.9% from fructose) and HAH (86.3% from HMF) are achieved by sequential dehydration and aldol-condensation with a simple purification process (>99% HAH purity). The use of non-noble metal catalysts, the high yield of each reaction, and the simple purification of the target product allow for beneficial economics of the process. Techno-economic analysis indicates that the process produces HAH at minimum selling price (MSP) of $1958/ton. The MSP of HAH product allows the economic viability of applications in organic dye and polyether markets by replacing its counterparts, such as anthraquinone ($3200-$3900/ton) and bisphenol-A ($1360-$1720/ton).

SUBMITTER: Chang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8544604 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Catalytic strategy for conversion of fructose to organic dyes, polymers, and liquid fuels.

Chang Hochan H Bajaj Ishan I Huber George W GW Maravelias Christos T CT Dumesic James A JA

Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC 20200603 16

We report a process to produce a versatile platform chemical from biomass-derived fructose for organic dye, polymer, and liquid fuel industries. An aldol-condensed chemical (HAH) is synthesized as a platform chemical from fructose by catalytic reactions in acetone/water solvent with non-noble metal catalysts (e.g., HCl, NaOH). Then, selective reactions (e.g., etherification, reduction, dimerization) of the functional groups, such as enone and hydroxyl groups, in the HAH molecule enable applicati ...[more]

PMID: 34703386

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Project description:Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using low cost binder-free pelletized bentonite clay has been investigated to yield pyrolysis oils as drop-in replacements for commercial liquid fuels such as diesel and gasohol 91. Pyrolysis of four waste plastics, polystyrene, polypropylene, low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene, was achieved at a bench scale (1 kg per batch) to produce useful fuel products. Importantly, the addition of binder-free bentonite clay pellets successfully yielded liquid based fuels with increased calorific values and lower viscosity for all plastic wastes. This larger scale pyrolysis study demonstrated that use of a catalyst in powder form can lead to significant pressure drops in the catalyst column, thus slowing the process (more than 1 hour). Importantly, the use of catalyst pellets eliminated the pressure drop and reduced pyrolysis processing time to only 10 minutes for 1 kg of plastic waste. The pyrolysis oil composition from polystyrene consists of 95% aromatic hydrocarbons, while in contrast, those from polypropylene, low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene, were dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbons, as confirmed by GC-MS. FTIR analysis demonstrated that low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene oils had functional groups that were consistent with those of commercial diesel (96% similarity match). In contrast, pyrolysis-oils from polystyrene demonstrated chemical and physical properties similar to those of gasohol 91. In both cases no wax formation was observed when using the bentonite clay pellets as a catalyst in the pyrolysis process, which was attributed to the high acidity of the bentonite catalyst (low SiO2 : Al2O3 ratio), thus making it more active in cracking waxes compared to the less acidic heterogeneous catalysts reported in the literature. Pyrolysis-oil from the catalytic treatment of polystyrene resulted in greater engine power, comparable engine temperature, and lower carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as compared to those of uncatalysed oils and commercial fuel in a gasoline engine. Pyrolysis-oils from all other polymers demonstrated comparable performance to diesel in engine power tests. The application of inexpensive and widely available bentonite clay in pyrolysis could significantly aid in repurposing plastic wastes.

Dataset Information

Catalytic strategy for conversion of fructose to organic dyes, polymers, and liquid fuels.

Publications

Catalytic strategy for conversion of fructose to organic dyes, polymers, and liquid fuels.

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