Periostin secreted by activated fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis promotes tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yamato H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8548404 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease without effective therapeutics. Periostin has been reported to be elevated in IPF patients relative to controls, but its sources and mechanisms of action remain unclear. We confirm excess periostin in lungs of IPF patients and show that IPF fibroblasts produce periostin. Blood was obtained from 54 IPF patients (all but 1 with 48 wk of follow-up). We show that periostin levels predict clinical progression at 48 wk (hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.10, P < 0.05). Monocytes and fibrocytes are sources of periostin in circulation in IPF patients. Previous studies suggest that periostin may regulate the inflammatory phase of bleomycin-induced lung injury, but periostin effects during the fibroproliferative phase of the disease are unknown. Wild-type and periostin-deficient (periostin(-/-)) mice were anesthetized and challenged with bleomycin. Wild-type mice were injected with bleomycin and then treated with OC-20 Ab (which blocks periostin and integrin interactions) or control Ab during the fibroproliferative phase of disease, and fibrosis and survival were assessed. Periostin expression was upregulated quickly after treatment with bleomycin and remained elevated. Periostin(-/-) mice were protected from bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Instillation of OC-20 during the fibroproliferative phase improved survival and limited collagen deposition. Chimeric mouse studies suggest that hematopoietic and structural sources of periostin contribute to lung fibrogenesis. Periostin was upregulated by transforming growth factor-? in lung mesenchymal cells, and periostin promoted extracellular matrix deposition, mesenchymal cell proliferation, and wound closure. Thus periostin plays a vital role in late stages of pulmonary fibrosis and is a potential biomarker for disease progression and a target for therapeutic intervention.
| S-EPMC3532583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease, characterized by damage of lung epithelial cells, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the lung interstitium, and enhanced activation and proliferation of fibroblasts. S100a4, also termed FSP-1 (fibroblast-specific protein-1), was previously considered as a marker of fibroblasts but recent findings in renal and liver fibrosis indicated that M2 macrophages are an important cellular source of S100a4. Thus, we hypothesized that also in pulmonary fibrosis, M2 macrophages produce and secrete S100a4, and that secreted S100a4 induces the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. To prove this hypothesis, we comprehensively characterized two established mouse models of lung fibrosis: infection of IFN-γR-/- mice with MHV-68 and intratracheal application of bleomycin to C57BL/6 mice. We further provide in vitro data using primary macrophages and fibroblasts to investigate the mechanism by which S100A4 exerts its effects. Finally, we inhibit S100a4 in vivo in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model by treatment with niclosamide. Our data suggest that S100a4 is produced and secreted by M2 polarized alveolar macrophages and enhances the proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of S100a4 might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
| S-EPMC5992816 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The natural course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is variable. Predicting disease progression and survival in IPF is important for treatment. We previously demonstrated that serum periostin has the potential to be a prognostic biomarker for IPF. Our aim was to use monomeric periostin in a multicenter study to evaluate its efficacy in diagnosing IPF and predicting its progression. To do so, we developed a new periostin kit to detect only monomeric periostin. The subjects consisted of 60 IPF patients in a multicenter cohort study. We applied monomeric periostin, total periostin detected by a conventional kit, and the conventional biomarkers-KL-6, SP-D, and LDH-to diagnose IPF and to predict its short-term progression as estimated by short-term changes of %VC and % DL, CO. Moreover, we compared the fraction ratios of monomeric periostin to total periostin in IPF with those in other periostin-high diseases: atopic dermatitis, systemic scleroderma, and asthma. Monomeric periostin showed the greatest ability to identify IPF comparable with KL-6 and SP-D. Both monomeric and total periostin were well correlated with the decline of %VC and % DL, CO. Clustering of IPF patients into high and low periostin groups proved useful for predicting the short-term progression of IPF. Moreover, the relative ratio of monomeric periostin was higher in IPF than in other periostin-high diseases. Measuring monomeric periostin is useful for diagnosing IPF and predicting its short-term progression. Moreover, the ratio of monomeric periostin to total periostin is elevated in IPF compared to other periostin-high diseases.
| S-EPMC5371347 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by abnormal fibroblast accumulation in the lung leading to extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling that compromise lung function. However, the mechanisms of interstitial invasion and remodeling by lung fibroblasts remain poorly understood. The invadosomes, initially described in cancer cells, consist of actin-based adhesive structures that coordinate with numerous other proteins to form a membrane protrusion capable of degrading the extracellular matrix to promote their invasive phenotype. In this regard, we hypothesized that invadosome formation may be increased in lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF. Public RNAseq datasets from control and IPF lung tissues were used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with invadosomes. Lung fibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-exposed mice and IPF patients were seeded with and without the two approved drugs for treating IPF, nintedanib or pirfenidone on fluorescent gelatin-coated coverslips for invadosome assays. Several matrix and invadosome-associated genes were increased in IPF tissues and in IPF fibroblastic foci. Invadosome formation was significantly increased in lung fibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-exposed mice and IPF patients. The degree of lung fibrosis found in IPF tissues correlated strongly with invadosome production by neighboring cells. Nintedanib suppressed IPF and PDGF-activated lung fibroblast invadosome formation, an event associated with inhibition of the PDGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway and TKS5 expression. Fibroblasts derived from IPF lung tissues express a pro-invadosomal phenotype, which correlates with the severity of fibrosis and is responsive to antifibrotic treatment.
| S-EPMC9820272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) structural properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are altered and influence cellular responses through cell-matrix interactions. Scaffolds (decellularized tissue) derived from subpleural healthy and IPF lungs were examined regarding biomechanical properties and ECM composition of proteins (the matrisome). Scaffolds were repopulated with healthy fibroblasts cultured under static stretch with heavy isotope amino acids (SILAC), to examine newly synthesized proteins over time. IPF scaffolds were characterized by increased tissue density, stiffness, ultimate force, and differential expressions of matrisome proteins compared to healthy scaffolds. Collagens, proteoglycans, and ECM glycoproteins were increased in IPF scaffolds, however while specific basement membrane (BM) proteins such as laminins and collagen IV were decreased, nidogen-2 was also increased. Findings were confirmed with histology, clearly showing a disorganized BM. Fibroblasts produced scaffold-specific proteins mimicking preexisting scaffold composition, where 11 out of 20 BM proteins were differentially expressed, along with increased periostin and proteoglycans production. We demonstrate how matrisome changes affect fibroblast activity using novel approaches to study temporal differences, where IPF scaffolds support a disorganized BM and upregulation of disease-associated proteins. These matrix-directed cellular responses emphasize the IPF matrisome and specifically the BM components as important factors for disease progression.
| S-EPMC6719040 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating, fibroproliferative, chronic lung disorder, is associated with expansion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, which leads to excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix. IPF is typically clinically identified as end-stage lung disease, after fibrotic processes are well-established and advanced. Fibroblasts have been shown to be critically important in the development and progression of IPF. We hypothesize that differential chromatin access can drive genetic differences in IPF fibroblasts relative to healthy fibroblasts. To this end, we performed assay of transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to identify differentially accessible regions within the genomes of fibroblasts from healthy and IPF lungs. Multiple motifs were identified to be enriched in IPF fibroblasts compared with healthy fibroblasts, including binding motifs for TWIST1 and FOXA1. RNA sequencing identified 93 genes that could be annotated to differentially accessible regions. Pathway analysis of the annotated genes identified cellular adhesion, cytoskeletal anchoring, and cell differentiation as important biological processes. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that linkage disequilibrium blocks of IPF risk single nucleotide polymorphisms with IPF-accessible regions that have been identified to be located in genes that are important in IPF, including MUC5B, TERT, and TOLLIP. Validation studies in isolated lung tissue confirmed increased expression for TWIST1 and FOXA1 in addition to revealing SHANK2 and CSPR2 as novel targets. Thus, modulation of differential chromatin access may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.
| S-EPMC8803355 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study we have focused on the biomechanical properties of scaffolds (decellularized lung tissue) derived from healthy individuals and IPF patients. The longitudinal cellular response of scaffold repopulation with healthy fibroblasts has been quantified using SILAC-MS. Increased scaffold density and stiffness along with differential expressions of proteins clearly separated and defined ECM proteins descriptive for IPF respective healthy scaffolds. Our study aim to understand the role of the ECM in the development of IPF. We have used proteomics to define intrinsic scaffold ECM proteins descriptive for healthy respective IPF scaffolds. To evaluate whether these mediators directs or rejects profibrotic responses fibroblasts repopulated on healthy and IPF derived scaffolds were cultured in heavy labeled medie (SILAC) to differentiate between preexisting scaffold proteins and newly synthesized proteins. The spatial distribution of unique ECM proteins characteristic for healthy fibroblasts on IPF scaffolds were verified with histological staining.
2019-08-27 | PXD012322 | Pride
Project description:Fibrotic responses involve multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes are sensitive to alterations in the tissue microenvironment such as the flux of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. TCA metabolites directly regulate epigenetic states, in part by regulating histone modification-related enzymes. Glutaminolysis is a critical metabolic process by which glutamine is converted to glutamate by glutaminase and then to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a TCA cycle metabolite. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by aberrant metabolism, including enhanced glutaminolysis. IPF fibroblasts are apoptosis resistant. In this study, we explored the relationship between glutaminolysis and the resistance to apoptosis of IPF fibroblasts. Inhibition of glutaminolysis decreased expression of XIAP and survivin, members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. α-KG is a cofactor for JMJD3 histone demethylase, which targets H3K27me3. In the absence of glutamine, JMJD3 activity in fibroblasts is significantly decreased, whereas H3K27me3 levels are increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that JMJD3 directly interacts with XIAP and survivin promoter regions in a glutamine-dependent manner. Exogenous α-KG partially restores JMJD3 function and its interaction with the XIAP and survivin promoter regions under glutamine-deficient conditions. Interestingly, α-KG upregulates XIAP, but not survivin, suggesting differential α-KG-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which glutamine regulates these IAPs. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of metabolic regulation in which glutaminolysis promotes apoptosis resistance of IPF fibroblasts through epigenetic regulation of XIAP and survivin.
| S-EPMC6348715 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable disease of the lung that is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in disruption of normal lung function. The signals regulating fibrosis include both transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) and tissue rigidity and a major signaling pathway implicated in fibrosis involves activation of the GTPase RhoA. During studies exploring how elevated RhoA activity is sustained in IPF, we discovered that not only is RhoA activated by profibrotic stimuli but also that the expression of Rnd3, a major antagonist of RhoA activity, and the activity of p190RhoGAP (p190), a Rnd3 effector, are both suppressed in IPF fibroblasts. Restoration of Rnd3 levels in IPF fibroblasts results in an increase in p190 activity, a decrease in RhoA activity and a decrease in the overall fibrotic phenotype. We also find that treatment with IPF drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone decreases the fibrotic phenotype and RhoA activity through up-regulation of Rnd3 expression and p190 activity. These data provide evidence for a pathway in IPF where fibroblasts down-regulate Rnd3 levels and p190 activity to enhance RhoA activity and drive the fibrotic phenotype.
| S-EPMC6249798 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the complex interaction of cells involved in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Global gene expression of a homogenous cell population will identify novel candidate genes.MethodsGene expression of fibroblasts derived from lung tissues (8 IPF and 4 controls) was profiled, and ontology and functional pathway were analyzed in the genes exhibiting >2 absolute fold changes with p-values?<?0.05. CCL8 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. CCL8 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsOne hundred seventy eight genes differentially expressed and 15 genes exhibited >10-fold change. Among them, 13 were novel in relation with IPF. CCL8 expression was 22.8-fold higher in IPF fibroblasts. The levels of CCL8 mRNA and protein were 3 and 9-fold higher in 14 IPF fibroblasts than those in 10 control fibroblasts by real-time PCR and ELISA (p?=?0.022 and p?=?0.026, respectively). The CCL8 concentrations in BAL fluid was significantly higher in 86 patients with IPF than those in 41 controls, and other interstitial lung diseases including non-specific interstitial pneumonia (n?=?22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n?=?20) and sarcoidosis (n?=?19) (p?<?0.005, respectively). Cut-off values of 2.29 pg/mL and 0.43 pg/mL possessed 80.2 and 70.7% accuracy for the discrimination of IPF from NC and the other lung diseases, respectively. IPF subjects with CCL8 levels >28.61 pg/mL showed shorter survival compared to those with lower levels (p?=?0.012). CCL8 was expressed by ?-SMA-positive cells in the interstitium of IPF.ConclusionsTranscriptome analysis identified several novel IPF-related genes. Among them, CCL8 is a candidate molecule for the differential diagnosis and prediction of survival.
| S-EPMC5216573 | biostudies-literature