Cordycepin Decreases Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Hearts via Upregulating AMPK/Mfn2-dependent Mitochondrial Fusion
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yu H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8563605 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Timely restoration of blood supply following myocardial infarction is critical to save the infarcted myocardium, while reperfusion would cause additional damage. Strontium ions have been shown to promote angiogenesis, but it is unknown whether they can save the damaged myocardium. We report that myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced functional deterioration and scar formation were notably attenuated by injection of strontium ion-containing composite hydrogels into murine infarcted myocardium at 20 minutes of reperfusion following 60 minutes of ischemia. These beneficial effects were accompanied by reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased angiogenesis. The effects of strontium ions were further confirmed by the enhanced viability of cardiomyocytes and stimulated angiogenesis in vitro. These findings are the first to reveal the cardioprotective effects of strontium ions against I/R injury, which may provide a new therapeutic approach to ischemic heart disease at a lower cost, with higher stability, and with potentially greater safety.
| S-EPMC7810382 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCordycepin has been reported to exhibit hepatic protective and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we investigated the role of cordycepin in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced liver injury in a mouse model.MethodsMice were pretreated with cordycepin by gavage for 3 weeks, followed by the establishment of the IR modeling. Liver injury, Suzuki's histological grading, hepatic apoptosis, and inflammatory responses were evaluated by biochemical and pathological analysis.ResultsIt was found that Cordycepin pretreatment at 50 mg/kg for 3 weeks attenuated IR-induced liver injury, as reflected by the significant decrease of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and low-density lipoprotein. Cordycepin pretreatment also reduced histopathological changes, attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory responses in the livers of IR mice. Mechanically, toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in liver tissues was inhibited by Cordycepin pretreatment.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Cordycepin pretreatment protects IR-induced liver injury, which demonstrates its potential for the treatment of IR in the liver.
| S-EPMC10013135 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AIM: To investigate the protective effect of tribulosin, a monomer of the gross saponins from Tribulus terrestris, against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanism in rats. METHODS: Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion using Langendorff's technique. The hearts were assigned to seven groups: control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), treatment with gross saponins from Tribulus terrestris (GSTT) 100 mg/L, treatment with tribulosin (100, 10, and 1 nmol/L) and treatment with a PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine) (1 micromol/L). Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) contents as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were determined after the treatment. Histopathological changes in the myocardium were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and PKCepsilon protein expression were examined using Western blotting. RESULTS: Tribulosin treatment significantly reduced MDA, AST, CK and LDH contents, and increased the activity of SOD. The infarct size of I/R group was 40.21% of the total area. GSTT and various concentrations of tribulosin treatment decreased the infarct size to 24.33%, 20.24%, 23.19%, and 30.32% (P<0.01). Tribulosin treatment reduced the myocardial apoptosis rate in a concentration-dependent manner. Bcl-2 and PKCepsilon protein expression was increased after tribulosin preconditioning, whereas Bax and caspase-3 expression was decreased. In the chelerythrine group, Bcl-2 and PKCepsilon expression was decreased, whereas Bax and caspase-3 expression was increased. CONCLUSION: Tribulosin protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury through PKCepsilon activation.
| S-EPMC4002968 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one reason for renal transplantation failure. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics is closely related to IRI, and that inhibition or reversal of mitochondrial division protects organs against IRI. Optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), an important factor in mitochondrial fusion, has been shown to be upregulated by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). Also, the antiinflammatory effects of SGLT2i have been demonstrated in renal cells. Thus, we hypothesized that empagliflozin could prevent IRI through inhibiting mitochondrial division and reducing inflammation.MethodsUsing hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, real-time PCR, RNA-sequencing, and western blot, we analyzed renal tubular tissue from in vivo and in vitro experiments.ResultsThrough animal experiments and sequencing analysis, we first confirmed the protection against IRI and the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics-related factors and inflammatory factors by empagliflozin pretreatment. Then, through hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cellular experiments, we confirmed that empagliflozin could inhibit mitochondrial shortening and division and upregulate OPA1 in human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) cells. Subsequently, we knocked down OPA1, and mitochondrial division and shortening were observed, which could be alleviated by empagliflozin treatment. Combined with the previous results, we concluded that OPA1 downregulation leads to mitochondrial division and shortening, and empagliflozin can alleviate the condition by upregulating OPA1. We further explored the pathway through which empagliflozin functions. Related studies have shown the activation of AMPK pathway by empagliflozin and the close correlation between the AMPK pathway and OPA1. In our study, we blocked the AMPK pathway, and OPA1 upregulation by empagliflozin was not observed, thus demonstrating the dependence of empagliflozin on the AMPK pathway.ConclusionThe results indicated that empagliflozin could prevent or alleviate renal IRI through antiinflammatory effects and the AMPK-OPA1 pathway. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable challenge in organ transplantation. It is necessary to develop a new therapeutic strategy for IRI prevention in addition to refining the transplantation process. In this study, we confirmed the preventive and protective effects of empagliflozin in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Based on these findings, empagliflozin is promising to be a preventive agent for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and can be applied for preemptive administration in kidney transplantation.
| S-EPMC10197452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Brain death (BD) can immunologically prime the donor organ and is thought to lead to exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation. Using a newly developed mouse model of BD, we investigated the effect of donor BD on posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of a targeted complement inhibitor in recipients of BD donor hearts and addressed the clinical relevance of these studies by analyzing human heart biopsies from BD and domino (living) donors.Hearts from living or BD donor C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 or BALB/c recipients. Recipient mice were treated with the complement inhibitor CR2-Crry or vehicle control (n=6). Isografts were analyzed 48 hours after transplantation for injury, inflammation, and complement deposition, and allografts were monitored for graft survival. Human cardiac biopsies were analyzed for complement deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the murine model, donor BD exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury and graft rejection, as demonstrated by increased myocardial injury, serum cardiac troponin, cellular infiltration, complement deposition, inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels, and by decreased graft survival. CR2-Crry treatment of recipients significantly reduced all measured outcomes in grafts from both BD and living donors compared with controls. Analysis of human samples documented the relevance of our experimental findings and revealed exacerbated complement deposition and inflammation in grafts from BD donors compared with grafts from living donors.BD exacerbates posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and humans and decreases survival of mouse allografts. Furthermore, targeted complement inhibition in recipient mice ameliorates BD-exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury.
| S-EPMC3721358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposePrevious studies of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in hearts from mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of CCN2 have shown that CCN2 increases tolerance towards IRI. The objectives of this study were to investigate to what extent post-ischemic administration of recombinant human CCN2 (rhCCN2) would limit infarct size and improve functional recovery and what signaling pathways are involved.Experimental approachIsolated mice hearts were perfused ad modum Langendorff, subjected to no-flow, global ischemia, and subsequently, exposed to mammalian cell derived, full-length (38-40kDa) rhCCN2 (250 nM) or vehicle during the first 15 min of a 60 min reperfusion period.Key resultsPost-ischemic administration of rhCCN2 resulted in attenuation of infarct size from 58 ± 4% to 34 ± 2% (p < 0.001) which was abrogated by concomitant administration of the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (45 ± 3% vs. 50 ± 3%, ns). In congruence with reduction of infarct size rhCCN2 also improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.05). Western blot analyses of extracts of ex vivo-perfused murine hearts also revealed that rhCCN2 evoked concentration-dependent increase of cardiac phospho-GSK3? (serine-9) contents.Conclusions and implicationsWe demonstrate that post-ischemic administration of rhCCN2 increases the tolerance of ex vivo-perfused murine hearts to IRI. Mechanistically, this postconditioning effect of rhCCN2 appeared to be mediated by activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway as demonstrated by sensitivity to PI3 kinase inhibition and increased CCN2-induced phosphorylation of GSK3? (Ser-9). Thus, the rationale for testing rhCCN2-mediated post-ischemic conditioning of the heart in more complex models is established.
| S-EPMC4752337 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrevention of diabetic heart myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury (MIRI) is challenging. Propofol attenuates MIRI through its reactive oxygen species scavenging property at high doses, while its use at high doses causes hemodynamic instability. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a potent antioxidant that confers protection against MIRI. Both propofol and SAA affect metabolic profiles through regulating Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of low doses of propofol combined with SAA against diabetic MIRI.MethodsDiabetes was induced in mice by a high-fat diet followed by streptozotocin injection, and MIRI was induced by coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Mice were treated with propofol at 46 mg/kg/h without or with SAA at 10 mg/kg/h during IR. Cardiac origin H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG) and palmitic acid (PAL) for 24 h in the absence or presence of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) overexpression or AMPK gene knockdown, followed by hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) for 6 and 12 h.ResultsDiabetes-exacerbated MIRI is evidenced as significant increases in post-ischemic infarction with reductions in phosphorylated (p)-AMPK and increases in CD36 and ferroptosis. Propofol moderately yet significantly attenuated all the abovementioned changes, while propofol plus SAA conferred superior protection against MIRI to that of propofol. In vitro, exposure of H9c2 cells under HG and PAL decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress that was concomitant with increased levels of ferroptosis and a significant increase in CD36, while p-AMPK was significantly reduced. Co-administration of low concentrations of propofol and SAA at 12.5 μM in H9c2 cells significantly reduced oxidative stress, ferroptosis and CD36 expression, while increasing p-AMPK compared to the effects of propofol at 25 μM. Moreover, either CD36 overexpression or AMPK silence significantly exacerbated HR-induced cellular injuries and ferroptosis, and canceled propofol- and SAA-mediated protection. Notably, p-AMPK expression was downregulated after CD36 overexpression, while AMPK knockdown did not affect CD36 expression.ConclusionsCombinational usage of propofol and SAA confers superior cellular protective effects to the use of high-dose propofol alone, and it does so through inhibiting HR-induced CD36 overexpression to upregulate p-AMPK.
| S-EPMC11003856 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a stress responsive kinase that regulates cellular metabolism and protects against cardiomyocyte injury during ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Mitochondria play an important role in cell survival, but the specific actions of activated AMPK in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function during reperfusion are unknown. Thus, we assessed the consequences of AMPK inactivation on heart mitochondrial function during reperfusion. Mouse hearts expressing wild type (WT) or kinase-dead (KD) AMPK were studied. Mitochondria isolated from KD hearts during reperfusion had intact membrane integrity, but demonstrated reduced oxidative capacity, increased hydrogen peroxide production and decreased resistance to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening compared to WT. KD hearts showed increased activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and downstream c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and greater necrosis during reperfusion after coronary occlusion. Transgenic expression of mitochondrial catalase (MCAT) prevented the excessive cardiac JNK activation and attenuated the increased myocardial necrosis observed during reperfusion in KD mice. Inhibition of JNK increased the resistance of KD hearts to mPTP opening, contractile dysfunction and necrosis during IR. Thus, intrinsic activation of AMPK is critical to prevent excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen production and consequent JNK signaling during reperfusion, thereby protecting against mPTP opening, irreversible mitochondrial damage and myocardial injury.
| S-EPMC4839186 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite efforts to elucidate its pathophysiology, ischemia-reperfusion injury lacks an effective preventative intervention. Because transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) is functionally expressed by many cell types in the cardiovascular system and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, we decided to assess its suitability as a target of therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the possible cardioprotective effect of 9-phenanthrol, a specific inhibitor of TRPM4. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were pretreated with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (control), 9-phenanthrol, or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, a blocker of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel) and then subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion with the K-H solution. To evaluate the extent of heart damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the effluent solution was measured, and the size of infarcted area of the heart was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In controls, cardiac contractility decreased, and LDH activity and the infarcted area size increased. In contrast, in hearts pretreated with 9-phenanthrol, contractile function recovered dramatically, and the infarcted area size significantly decreased. The cardioprotective effects of 9-phenanthrol was not completely blocked by 5-HD. These findings show that 9-phenanthrol exerts a cardioprotective effect against ischemia in the isolated rat heart and suggest that its mechanism of action is largely independent of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
| S-EPMC3723883 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are produced by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid, and their rapid metabolism is mainly through soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). EETs exert vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic effects. Administration of sEH inhibitors before or at the onset of stroke is protective, but the effects of post-treatment at reperfusion, when inflammation is augmented, has not been as well studied. We tested the hypothesis that 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent and highly selective sEH inhibitor, suppresses inflammation and protects the brain when administered at reperfusion. Vehicle or 1?mg/kg TPPU was administered at reperfusion after 90?minutes of focal ischemia and again 24?hours later. Protein expression and activity of sEH increased after reperfusion and activity was decreased by TPPU administration. TPPU decreased infarct volume by 50%, reduced neurologic deficits and improved performance on sensorimotor tasks. Furthermore, TPPU significantly lowered the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta by 3.5-fold and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by 2.2-fold, increased transforming growth factor-beta mRNA by 1.8-fold, and augmented immunostaining of vascular endothelial growth factor in peri-infarct cortex. Thus, inhibition of sEH at reperfusion significantly reduces infarction and improves sensorimotor function, possibly by suppressing early proinflammatory cytokines and promoting reparative cytokines and growth factors.
| S-EPMC5869703 | biostudies-literature