Association between antibiotics use and diabetes incidence in a nationally representative retrospective cohort among Koreans
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Park S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8568925 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPublic health concerns have gradually shifted from inadequate intakes to potential adverse effects associated with excessive folate intakes following the full implementation of mandatory folate fortification. This study aimed to examine the associations of red blood cell (RBC) folate with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with diabetes.MethodsData of 15,514 adults aged 20 years or older, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), were analyzed as the baseline examination. The participants were linked to mortality data from the survey date until December 31, 2015. The associations of RBC folate with all-cause and CVD mortality were examined using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsDuring 297,708 person-years of follow-up (median of 19.2 years), 6,106 total deaths occurred, including 1,867 deaths from CVD, 1452 deaths from ischemic heart disease, and 415 deaths from stroke disease. The participants with the highest quartile of RBC folate had higher odds of diabetes (fully-adjusted odds ratio: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.53-2.48]). In Cox regression analyses, compared with the participants with the lowest quartile of RBC folate for diabetes, those from quartile 3 and quartile 4 had HRs (95% CIs) of 1.12 (0.87, 1.43) and 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) in all-cause mortality, respectively; in CVD mortality, the HRs were 1.73 (1.08, 2.76) and 1.47 (0.98, 2.22); in ischemic heart disease mortality, they were 2.01 (1.19, 3.39) and 1.62 (1.05, 2.50), respectively. However, high levels of RBC folate were negatively associated with all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality in non-diabetes.ConclusionFrom the nationally representative data, increasing levels in RBC folate were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among those diagnosed with diabetes, but high levels of RBC folate had a mild protective effect in non-diabetes. The underlying mechanism regarding folate and adverse outcomes in diabetes warrants further clarification.
| S-EPMC9082538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnimal studies indicate that chronic exposure to certain tin compounds induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. However, little is known about the health effects of environmental tin exposure in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the association of tin exposure with diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsWe used data from a nationally representative population (n = 3371) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-14. Diabetes (n = 605) was defined as self-reported physician's diagnosis, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Tin concentrations in urine samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Logistic regression with sample weights was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsUrinary tin concentrations were higher in individuals with diabetes (weighted median 0.58 μg/L) than those without diabetes (0.39 μg/L). After adjustment for urinary creatinine and other diabetes risk factors, the OR of diabetes comparing the highest with lowest quartile of urinary tin concentrations was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.6; Ptrend = 0.02).ConclusionsEnvironmental tin exposure was positively and significantly associated with diabetes in US adults.
| S-EPMC6218306 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess the impact of allopurinol on diabetes in a retrospective cohort of Veterans' Affairs patients with gout.The New York Harbor VA computerized patient record system was searched to identify patients with an ICD-9 code for gout meeting at least 4 modified 1977 American Rheumatology Association gout diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into subgroups based on >30 continuous days of allopurinol, versus no allopurinol. New diagnoses of diabetes, defined according to American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria or clinical documentation explicitly stating a new diagnosis of diabetes, were identified during an observation period from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2015.Six hundred six gout patients used allopurinol >30 continuous days, and 478 patients never used allopurinol. Over an average 7.9 ± 4.8 years of follow-up, there was no significant difference in diabetes incidence between the allopurinol and non-allopurinol groups (11.7/1000 person-years vs 10.0/1000 person-years, P = .27). A lower diabetes incidence in the longest versus shortest quartiles of allopurinol use (6.3 per 1000 person-years vs 19.4 per 1000 person-years, P<.0001) was attributable to longer duration of medical follow-up.In this study, allopurinol use was not associated with decreased diabetes incidence. Prospective studies may further elucidate the relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, xanthine oxidase activity, and diabetes, and the potential impact of gout treatments on diabetes incidence.
| S-EPMC7458166 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The combined effect of transitions of metabolic health and weight on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of concurrent changes of metabolic health and weight on CVD over time. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 205 394 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Metabolic health was determined by fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure levels, while obesity was determined by body mass index. All participants were divided into either metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese, metabolically unhealthy nonobese, or metabolically unhealthy obese for each of the first (2002-2003) and second (2004-2005) health screening periods, after which participants were followed-up for CVD from 2006 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs. Among initial MHNO participants, those who became metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.31), and metabolically unhealthy obese (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) had elevated risk for CVD compared with those who remained MHNO. Conversely, improving metabolic health and obesity were associated with reduced CVD risk among initially metabolically unhealthy nonobese to secondary MHNO (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84), metabolically unhealthy obese to MHNO (aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.81), and metabolically unhealthy obese to metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.80) participants. Conclusions Changes toward metabolically unhealthy or obese states resulted in increased CVD risk. Improving metabolic health along with reducing weight may lead to decreased risk of CVD.
| S-EPMC6755827 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background Slow walking speed has been shown to predict cognitive decline in older individuals, but studies conducted among Chinese older adults are scarce. We examined the association of walking speed with cognitive function and the trajectory of cognitive decline among Chinese adults aged 60 years and older. Methods Data was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), an ongoing nationally representative prospective cohort study. Walking speed was evaluated over a straight 2.5-meter flat course at baseline and categorized into tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Cognitive function was assessed at each wave in three domains: episodic memory, mental status, and global cognition. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results A total of 3,954 older adults (48.6% female; mean age: 67.6 ± 5.55 years) were followed for up to 7 years. Participants with lowest walking speed have poorer episodic memory (β = −0.37; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.28), mental status (β = −0.45; 95% CI: −0.60, −0.29), and global cognition (β = −0.81; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.60) over the follow-up. Compared with the highest tertile of walking speed, the lowest walking speed was associated with a faster decline in episodic memory (β = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.02), mental status (β = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.01), and global cognition (β = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11, −0.01). Conclusion Slower walking speed is associated with subsequent risk of poorer cognitive function and faster cognitive decline in older Chinese adults.
| S-EPMC9685315 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is a paucity of specific data on early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Asian Americans (AAs). The objective of this study was to examine the independent association of Asian race/ethnicity and socio-demographic and co-morbidity factors with markers of early kidney damage, ascertained by ACR levels, as well as kidney dysfunction, ascertained by eGFR levels in a large cross-sectional sample of AAs enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsSecondary data analyses of the NHANES 2011-2014 data of a nationally representative sample of 5907 participants 18?years and older, US citizens, and of Asian and White race. NHANES data included race (Asian vs. White), as well as other socio-demographic information and comorbidities. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) categories and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used as indicators for CKD. Descriptive analyses using frequencies, means (standard deviations), and chi-square tests was first conducted, then multivariable logistic regression serial adjustment models were used to examine the associations between race/ethnicity, other socio-demographic factors (age, sex, education), and co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, hypertension) with elevated ACR levels (A2 & A3 - CKD Stages 3 and 4-5, respectively) as well as reduced eGFR (G3a-G5 and G3b -G5 - CKD Stage 3-5).ResultsAAs were more likely than White participants to have ACR levels >?300?mg/g (A3) (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) 2.77 (1.55, 4.97), p?=?0.001). In contrast, adjusted analyses demonstrated that AAs were less likely to have eGFR levels <?60?ml/min/1.73?m2 (G3a-G5) (aOR (95% CI) 0.50 (0.35, 0.72), p?<?.001).ConclusionsThis is one of the first large U.S. population-based studies of AAs that has shown a comparatively higher risk of elevated ACR?>?300?mg/g levels (A3) but lower risk of having eGFR levels <?60?ml/min/1.732?m2 (G3a-G5). The findings support the need to address the gaps in knowledge regarding disparities in risk of early stage CKD among AAs.
| S-EPMC6327460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:A diet high in trans-fatty acids (TFA) induces insulin resistance in rodent models and primates. However, previous epidemiological studies on the association between TFAs, based primarily on self-reported intake from the diet, and diabetes in humans have yielded conflicting results. Herein we examined the associations of objectively measured plasma TFA concentrations with diabetes in a large population-based study among US adults. METHODS:We included 3801 participants aged ?20?years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2009-10. Four major TFAs, namely palmitelaidic acid (C16:1 n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1 n-9t), vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7t), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2 n-6t, 9t), were measured in fasting plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes was defined by self-reported physician diagnosis, plasma fasting glucose ?126?mg/dL, or HbA1c ?6.5%. RESULTS:After adjustment for other major risk factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of diabetes comparing the highest with lowest quintile of plasma TFAs was 2.19 (1.27-3.79) for total TFAs (Ptrend ?=?0.01), 2.34 (1.48-3.72) for elaidic acid (Ptrend ?=?0.0004), 1.33 (0.82-2.15) for linolelaidic acid (Ptrend ?=?0.18), 1.58 (0.97-2.58) for palmitelaidic acid (Ptrend ?=?0.02), and 1.64 (0.95-2.84) for vaccenic acid (Ptrend ?=?0.08). In addition, total TFAs, elaidic acid, palmitelaidic acid, and vaccenic acid were significantly associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, the insulin resistance index, and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS:In a nationally representative population, plasma TFAs, in particular elaidic acid, were positively associated with diabetes and biomarkers of glucose metabolism.
| S-EPMC6093805 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUnderstanding potentially modifiable factors that influence the risk of frailty is a key concern for the management of this urgent contemporary public health challenge. This study evaluates the association between the use of various medications or alcohol and the incidence of frailty among older adults.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study on older adults (≥ 65 years) using data from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE survey, 28 countries). Medication use was measured as taking several different groups of medications. Alcohol use was assessed with SHARE questions corresponding to AUDIT-C. The outcome measure was the incidence of frailty after two years, defined by frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (FP). A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association with adjustment for several potential confounding factors.ResultsOf the 14,665 FI-population participants, 1800 (12.3%) developed frailty within two years. Of the 8133 FP-population participants, 2798 (34.4%) developed pre-frailty and 247 (3.0%) developed frailty within two years of baseline. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, non-hazardous alcohol use (adjusted OR; 95% CI for the FI-population: 0.68; 0.60-0.77) and hazardous alcohol use (0.80; 0.68-0.93) are associated with lower incidence of frailty compared to no alcohol use. The odds of frailty are increased when taking medications; the largest effect size was observed in older adults taking medication for chronic bronchitis (adjusted OR; 95% CI for the FI-population: 2.45; 1.87-3.22), joint pain and other pain medication (2.26; 2.00-2.54), medication for coronary and other heart disease (1.72; 1.52-1.96), medication for diabetes (1.69; 1.46-1.96), and medication for anxiety, depression and sleep problems (1.56; 1.33-1.84). Additionally, the risk of frailty was increased with stroke, Parkinson's disease and dementia.ConclusionsTaking certain groups of medication was associated with increased incidence of frailty and pre-frailty, which might be due to either medication use or the underlying disease. Alcohol use was associated with a lower risk of pre-frailty and frailty compared to no alcohol use, which might be due to reverse causality or residual confounding. There was no significant interaction effect between medication groups and alcohol use on frailty incidence.
| S-EPMC7791729 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: There is limited information regarding association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2). Methods: This study acquired data of 164,093 adults aged at least 40 years who were residing in 7 metropolitan cities between 2002 and 2005 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. CKD risk was evaluated using the multivariate Cox hazards proportional regression. All participants were followed up with until CKD, death, or 31 December 2013, whichever occurred earliest. (3) Results: Among 1,259,461 person-years of follow-up investigation, CKD cases occurred in 1494 participants. Air pollutant exposures including PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 showed no significant association with incident CKD after adjustments for age, sex, household income, area of residence, and the Charlson comorbidity index. The results were consistent in the sensitivity analyses including first and last year annual exposure analyses as well as latent periods-washed-out analyses. (4) Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution is not likely to increase the risk of CKD.
| S-EPMC8038583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Food reward sensitivity may influence susceptibility to overeating in a permissive food environment, contributing to unintended weight gain and intentional weight loss behavior. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity, assessed by the Power of Food Scale (PFS), with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults. Wave 5 (W5, 5th year of follow-up) respondents from the NEXT Generation Health Study were included (N = 2202, W5 age = 20.3 ± 0.02 years). Baseline and W5 BMI, W5 weight status (normal weight = 18.5 ? BMI < 25, overweight = 25 ? BMI < 30, obese = BMI ? 30), BMI change (W5-baseline BMI) and onset of overweight or obesity (OWOB) were calculated from self-reported height and weight. PFS (aggregate and 3 domain scores: food available, present, and tasted) and dieting for weight-loss were assessed at W5. Adjusted linear regressions estimated associations of PFS with W5 BMI and BMI change. Log-binomial regressions estimated associations of high W5 BMI (?25), OWOB onset and dieting with PFS. Post hoc analyses estimated associations of PFS with W5 perceived weight status (overweight vs. about right or underweight). W5 BMI = 25.73 ± 0.32 kg/m(2), and OWOB onset occurred in 27.7% of participants. The PFS-food available score was associated with BMI change, ? ± SE = 0.41 ± 0.19. Other PFS scores were not associated with weight outcomes. Dieting prevalence was higher in participants with high versus low W5 BMI (61% versus 32%), and was positively associated with all PFS scores except the PFS-food tasted score, e.g., relative risk (RR) of dieting for PFS-aggregate = 1.13, 95%CI [1.01-1.26]. Post-hoc analyses indicated perceived overweight was positively associated with PFS-food available, 1.12, [1.01-1.24], and PFS-food present, 1.13, [1.03-1.24]. PFS was positively related to dieting and perceived overweight, but not concurrent or change in weight status in a representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults.
| S-EPMC4980265 | biostudies-other