Free diving-inspired breathing techniques for COPD patients: A pilot study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Borg M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8580498 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionIncreased concentrations of tau protein are associated with medical conditions involving the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia. Diving, by way of an elevated ambient pressure, can affect the nervous system, however it is not known whether it causes a rise in tau protein levels in serum. A prospective observational pilot study was performed to investigate changes in tau protein concentrations in serum after diving and also determine their relationship, if any, to the amount of inert gas bubbling in the venous blood.MethodsSubjects were 10 navy divers performing one or two dives per day, increasing in depth, over four days. Maximum dive depths ranged from 52-90 metres' sea water (msw). Air or trimix (nitrogen/oxygen/helium) was used as the breathing gas and the oxygen partial pressure did not exceed 160 kPa. Blood samples taken before the first and after the last dives were analyzed. Divers were monitored for the presence of venous gas emboli (VGE) at 10 to15 minute intervals for up to 120 minutes using precordial Doppler ultrasound.ResultsMedian tau protein before diving was 0.200 pg·mL⁻¹ (range 0.100 to 1.10 pg·mL⁻¹) and after diving was 0.450 pg·mL⁻¹ (range 0.100 to 1.20 pg·mL⁻¹; P = 0.016). Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light protein concentrations analyzed in the same assay did not change after diving. No correlation was found between serum tau protein concentration and the amount of VGE.ConclusionRepeated diving to between 52-90 msw is associated with a statistically significant increase in serum tau protein concentration, which could indicate neuronal stress.
| S-EPMC6704001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Air-breathing marine predators that target sub-surface prey have to balance the energetic benefit of foraging against the time, energetic and physiological costs of diving. Here we use on-animal data loggers to assess whether such trade-offs can be revealed by the breathing rates (BR) and timing of breaths in long-finned pilot whales (Globicephela melas). We used the period immediately following foraging dives in particular, for which respiratory behavior can be expected to be optimized for gas exchange. Breath times and fluke strokes were detected using onboard sensors (pressure, 3-axis acceleration) attached to animals using suction cups. The number and timing of breaths were quantified in non-linear mixed models that incorporated serial correlation and individual as a random effect. We found that pilot whales increased their BR in the 5-10 min period prior to, and immediately following, dives that exceeded 31 m depth. While pre-dive BRs did not vary with dive duration, the initial post-dive BR was linearly correlated with duration of >2 min dives, with BR then declining exponentially. Apparent net diving costs were 1.7 (SE 0.2) breaths per min of diving (post-dive number of breaths, above pre-dive breathing rate unrelated to dive recovery). Every fluke stroke was estimated to cost 0.086 breaths, which amounted to 80-90% average contribution of locomotion to the net diving costs. After accounting for fluke stroke rate, individuals in the small body size class took a greater number of breaths per diving minute. Individuals reduced their breathing rate (from the rate expected by diving behavior) by 13-16% during playbacks of killer whale sounds and their first exposure to 1-2 kHz naval sonar, indicating similar responses to interspecific competitor/predator and anthropogenic sounds. Although we cannot rule out individuals increasing their per-breath O2 uptake to match metabolic demand, our results suggest that behavioral responses to experimental sound exposures were not associated with increased metabolic rates in a stress response, but metabolic rates instead appear to decrease. Our results support the hypothesis that maximal performance leads to predictable (optimized) breathing patterns, which combined with further physiological measurements could improve proxies of field metabolic rates and per-stroke energy costs from animal-borne behavior data.
| S-EPMC6232938 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Platelets may actively participate in inflammation in COPD. Platelet distribution width (PDW), a measure of platelets' volume heterogeneity, may increase in platelets' activation. We hypothesized that PDW may be a marker of hypercoagulation, which plays a significant role in conditions associated with worse survival of patients with COPD, eg, acute myocardial infarction and other forms of ischemic heart disease.Retrospective analysis of 79 patients. Variables were compared after grouping patients according to the upper normal limit of PDW, using Welch's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests. Survival in the two groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.Ten patients presented values of PDW above 16 fL, which was the upper limit of normality for our laboratory. Compared to patients with normal PDW, they had lower forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF 25-75) - 35% of reference value vs 57% (P=0.003) and peak expiratory flow - 39% vs 54% (P<0.001). The median survival of patients with elevated PDW was 743 days compared to those with normal PDW (1,305 days) (P=0.025). The adjusted HR was 4.59 (95% CI: 1.1, 19.19; P=0.04).Our analysis indicates that elevated PDW is associated with reduced survival of patients with COPD. If our data are to be confirmed, PDW may be used as an inexpensive and repeatable prognostic tool in COPD.
| S-EPMC5546588 | biostudies-other
Project description:The respiratory virome and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| PRJEB34030 | ENA
Project description:A healthy respiratory system has variability from breath-to-breath and patients with COPD (PwCOPD) have abnormal variability in breath cycles. The aim of this study was to determine if interbreath-interval and tidal-volume variability, and airflow regularity change as metabolic demands increase (seated, standing, and walking) in PwCOPD as compared to controls. Sixteen PwCOPD (64.3 ± 7.9 yr, 61.3 ± 44.1% FEV1%predicted) and 21 controls (60.2 ± 6.8 yr, 97.5 ± 16.8% FEV1%predicted) sat, stood, and walked at their preferred-pace for five-minutes each while breathing patterns were recorded. The mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of interbreath-intervals and tidal-volume, and the regularity (sample entropy) of airflow were quantified. Results were subjected to ANOVA analysis. Interbreath-interval means were shorter in PwCOPD compared to controls (p = 0.04) and as metabolic demand increased (p < 0.0001), standard deviation was decreased in PwCOPD compared to controls during each condition (p's < 0.002). Mean tidal-volume did decrease as metabolic demand increased across groups (p < 0.0001). Coefficient of variation findings (p = 0.002) indicated PwCOPD decline in tidal-volume variability from sitting to standing to walking; whereas, controls do not. There was an interaction for airflow (p = 0.02) indicating that although, PwCOPD had a more regular airflow across all conditions, control's airflow became more irregular as metabolic demand increased. PwCOPD's airflow was always more regular compared to controls (p = 0.006); although, airflow became more irregular as metabolic demand increased (p < 0.0001). Healthy respiratory systems have variability and irregularity from breath-to-breath decreases with adaptation to demand. PwCOPD have more regular and restricted breathing pattern that may affect their ability to adjust in demanding situations.
| S-EPMC7332397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Health monitoring during offshore saturation diving is complicated due to restricted access to the divers, the desire to keep invasive procedures to a minimum, and limited opportunity for laboratory work onboard dive support vessels (DSV). In this pilot study, we examined whether measuring salivary biomarkrers in samples collected by the divers themselves might be a feasible approach to environmental stress assessment. Nine saturation divers were trained in the passive drool method for saliva collection and proceeded to collect samples at nine time points before, during, and after an offshore commercial saturation diving campaign. Samples collected within the hyperbaric living chambers were decompressed and stored frozen at -20°C onboard the DSV until they were shipped to land for analysis. Passive drool samples were collected without loss and assayed for a selection of salivary biomarkers: secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, as well as cortisol and alpha-amylase. During the bottom phase of the hyperbaric saturation, SIgA, CRP, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β increased significantly, whereas IL-6, cortisol and alpha-amylase were unchanged. All markers returned to pre-dive levels after the divers were decompressed back to surface pressure. We conclude that salivary biomarker analysis may be a feasible approach to stress assessment in offshore saturation diving. The results of our pilot test are consonant with an activation of the sympathetic nervous system related to systemic inflammation during hyperbaric and hyperoxic saturation.
| S-EPMC8669759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Comparison of severely emphysematous tissue removed at lung volume reduction surgery to that of normal or mildly emphysematous lung tissue resected from smokers with nodules suspicious for lung cancer. Data obtained from the 18 patients with severe emphysema and 12 patients with mild/no emphysema. Research may provide insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Keywords: other
2004-08-08 | GSE1650 | GEO
Project description:Living well with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires people to manage disease-related symptoms in order to participate in activities of daily living. Mindfulness practice is an intervention that has been shown to reduce symptoms of chronic disease and improve accurate symptom assessment, both of which could result in improved disease management and increased wellness for people with COPD. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate an 8-week mindful meditation intervention program tailored for the COPD population and explore the use of breathing timing parameters as a possible physiological measure of meditation uptake. Results demonstrated that those randomized to the mindful meditation intervention group (N=19) had a significant increase in respiratory rate over time as compared to those randomized to the wait-list group (N=22) (P=0.045). It was also found that the mindful meditation intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in level of mindfulness over time as compared to the wait-list group (P=0.023). When examining participants from the mindful meditation intervention who had completed six or more classes, it was found that respiratory rate did not significantly increase in comparison to the wait-list group. Furthermore, those who completed six or more classes (N=12) demonstrated significant improvement in emotional function in comparison to the wait-list group (P=0.032) even though their level of mindfulness did not improve. This study identifies that there may be a complex relationship between breathing parameters, emotion, and mindfulness in the COPD population. The results describe good feasibility and acceptability for meditation interventions in the COPD population.
| S-EPMC4354397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aerobic exercise, the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, improves prognosis of COPD patients; however, few studies have comprehensively examined the changes in RNA transcript levels and the crosstalk between various transcripts in this context. This study identified the expression of RNA transcripts in COPD patients who engaged in aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks, and further constructions of the possible RNAs networks were made.
2024-06-30 | GSE235174 | GEO
Project description:PURPOSE:Differences in tidal breathing patterns have been reported between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy individuals using traditional measurement techniques. This feasibility study examined whether structured light plethysmography (SLP) - a noncontact, light-based technique - could also detect differences in tidal breathing patterns between patients with COPD and healthy subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A 5 min period of tidal (quiet) breathing was recorded in each patient with COPD (n=31) and each healthy subject (n=31), matched for age, body mass index, and sex. For every participant, the median and interquartile range (IQR; denoting within-subject variability) of 12 tidal breathing parameters were calculated. Individual data were then combined by cohort and summarized by its median and IQR. RESULTS:After correction for multiple comparisons, inspiratory time (median tI) and its variability (IQR of tI) were lower in patients with COPD (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) as were ratios derived from tI (tI/tE and tI/tTot, both p<0.01) and their variability (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). IE50SLP (the ratio of inspiratory to expiratory flow at 50% tidal volume calculated from the SLP signal) was higher (p<0.001) in COPD while SLP-derived time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow over expiratory time (median tPTEFSLP/tE) was shorter (p<0.01) and considerably less variable (p<0.001). Thoraco-abdominal asynchrony was increased (p<0.05) in COPD. CONCLUSION:These early observations suggest that, like traditional techniques, SLP is able to detect different breathing patterns in COPD patients compared with subjects with no respiratory disease. This provides support for further investigation into the potential uses of SLP in assessing clinical conditions and interventions.
| S-EPMC5214700 | biostudies-literature