Antioxidant Properties of Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Airway Epithelial Cells
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SUBMITTER: You I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8588133 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Progressive respiratory airway destruction due to unresolved inflammation induced by periodic infectious exacerbation episodes is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung pathology. To clear bacteria, neutrophils release high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inflict collateral damage to the neighboring epithelial cells causing oxidative stress. A former genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening in CF submucosal gland cells, instrumental for mucociliary clearance, proposed tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B; TNFR2) as a potential hit involved in oxidative stress susceptibility. Here, we demonstrate the relevance of TNFRSF1B transcript knock-down for epithelial cell protection under strong oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, a blockade of TNFR signaling through its ligand lymphotoxin-α (LTA), overexpressed in airway epithelial cells under oxidative stress conditions, using the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic etanercept significantly increased the viability of these cells from a toxic oxidizing agent. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses considering our previous RNA interference (RNAi) screening output highlight the relevance of TNFRSF1B and of other genes within the TNF pathway leading to epithelial cell death. Thus, the inhibition of the LTα3-TNFR2 axis could represent a useful therapeutic strategy to protect the respiratory airway epithelial lining from the oxidative stress challenge because of recurrent infection/inflammation cycles faced by CF patients.
| S-EPMC10968085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kefir, a fermented probiotic drink was tested for its potential anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects to attenuate cellular oxidative stress on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, the antioxidant potentials of the six different kefir water samples were analysed by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays, whereas the anti-apoptotic activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced SH-SY5Y cells was examined using MTT, AO/PI double staining, and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays. The surface and internal morphological features of SH-SY5Y cells were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Kefir B showed the higher TPC (1.96 ± 0.54 µg GAE/µL), TFC (1.09 ± 0.02 µg CAT eq/µL), FRAP (19.68 ± 0.11 mM FRAP eq/50 µL), and DPPH (0.45 ± 0.06 mg/mL) activities compared to the other kefir samples. The MTT and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays showed that Kefir B pre-treatment at 10 mg/mL for 48 h resulted in greater cytoprotection (97.04%), and a significantly lower percentage of necrotic cells (7.79%), respectively. The Kefir B pre-treatment also resulted in greater protection to cytoplasmic and cytoskeleton inclusion, along with the conservation of the surface morphological features and the overall integrity of SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate that the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were mediated via the upregulation of SOD and catalase, as well as the modulation of apoptotic genes (Tp73, Bax, and Bcl-2).
| S-EPMC8230435 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with poor clinical outcome. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome serves a key role in inflammatory response, which may lead to endothelial cell injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Hydrogen (H2) is considered a neuroprotective antioxidant. This study was set out to explore whether hydrogen inhalation protects against SAH induced endothelial cell injury, BBB disruption, microthrombosis and vasospasm in rats. Methods: One hundred eighty-two male SD rats were used for the study. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. H2 at a concentration of 3.3% was inhaled beginning at 0.5 h after SAH for duration of 30, 60 or 120 min, followed by single administration or once daily administration for 3 days. The temporal expression of NLRP3 and ASC in the brain was determined, with the effect of hydrogen inhalation evaluated. In addition, brain water content, oxidative stress markers, inflammasome, apoptotic markers, microthrombosis, and vasospasm were evaluated at 24 or 72 h after SAH. Results: The expression of NLRP3 and ASC were upregulated after SAH associated with elevated expression of MDA, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, HO-1, TLR4/NF-?B, inflammatory and apoptotic makers. Hydrogen inhalation reduced the expression of these inflammatory and apoptotic makers in the vessels, brain edema, microthrombi formation, and vasospasm in rats with SAH relative to control. Hydrogen inhalation also improved short-term and long-term neurological recovery after SAH. Conclusion: Hydrogen inhalation can ameliorate oxidative stress related endothelial cells injury in the brain and improve neurobehavioral outcomes in rats following SAH. Mechanistically, the above beneficial effects might be related to, at least in part, the inhibition of activation of ROS/NLRP3 axis.
| S-EPMC6985445 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, and its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of COPD and viral-induced exacerbations has been demonstrated. IL-33 has been shown to be increased in the airway epithelial cells from COPD patients, but the regulating mechanism of IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells remains largely unknown. In the current study, we examined whether oxidative stress, which participates in the pathogenesis of COPD, affects the expression of IL-33 in airway epithelial cells and also evaluated the effect during viral infection. METHODS:The involvement of oxidative stress in the expression of IL-33, and its signal pathway was examined after stimulation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with or without stimulation by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic analogue of dsRNA that mimics viral infection, or rhinovirus infection in NCI-H292 cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). In addition, the effect of antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the expression of IL-33 was compared between HBECs from healthy subjects and those from COPD patients. RESULTS:Treatment with H2O2 significantly potentiated IL-33 expression in NCI-H292 cells, and the potentiation was reversed by NAC treatment. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, but not nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors, also significantly decreased the H2O2-potentiated IL-33 expression. In addition, H2O2 significantly potentiated the poly (I:C)- or rhinovirus-stimulated IL-33 expression. In HBECs from healthy subjects, H2O2-potentiated IL-33 expression and its reversal by NAC was also confirmed. Under the condition without H2O2-stimulation, treatment with NAC significantly decreased the expression of IL-33 in HBECs from COPD patients, but not in those from healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrate that oxidative stress involves in the expression of IL-33 in airway epithelial cells via MAPK signal pathway and it augments IL-33 expression during viral infection. This mechanism may participate in the regulation of IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells in COPD and the viral-induced exacerbations. Modulation of this pathway could become a therapeutic target for viral-induced exacerbations of COPD.
| S-EPMC5872512 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lung tissues are frequently exposed to a hyperoxia environment, which leads to oxidative stress injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is widely implicated in physiological and pathological processes and its antioxidant effect has attracted much attention. Therefore, in this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative damage model to investigate the protective mechanism of H2S in lung injury. Cell death induced by H2O2 treatment could be significantly attenuated by the pre-treatment of H2S, resulting in a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the inhibition of caspase-3 activity in human lung epithelial cell line A549 cells. Additionally, the results showed that H2S decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as neutralized the damaging effects of H2O2 in mitochondria energy-producing and cell metabolism. Pre-treatment of H2S also decreased H2O2-induced suppression of endogenous H2S production enzymes, cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercapto-pyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). Furthermore, the administration of H2S attenuated [Ca2+] overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, H2S might be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing ROS and ER stress-associated apoptosis against H2O2-induced lung injury.
| S-EPMC6720512 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an animal model of cardiac arrest. However, its effect on human post-cardiac arrest syndrome is unclear. We consecutively enrolled five comatose post-cardiac arrest patients (three males; mean age, 65 ± 15 years; four cardiogenic, one septic cardiac arrest) and evaluated temporal changes in oxidative stress markers and cytokines with inhaled hydrogen. All patients were treated with target temperature management. Hydrogen gas inhalation (2% hydrogen with titrated oxygen) was initiated upon admission for 18 h. Blood hydrogen concentrations, plasma and urine oxidative stress markers (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, N ɛ-hexanoyl-lysine, lipid hydroperoxide), and cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured before and 3, 9, 18, and 24 h after hydrogen gas inhalation. Arterial hydrogen concentration was measurable and it was equilibrated with inhaled hydrogen. Oxidative stress was reduced and cytokine levels were unchanged in cardiogenic patients, whereas oxidative stress was unchanged and cytokine levels were diminished in the septic patient. The effect of inhaled hydrogen on oxidative stress and cytokines in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients remains indefinite because of methodological weaknesses.
| S-EPMC7533855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Virus infections are a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Recently, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been demonstrated to react to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and to be involved in the immune responses after viral infections. In the present study, we examined whether oxidative stress, which is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, enhances the responses of TLR3 in airway epithelial cells. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on the release of IL-8 from BEAS-2B cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells after stimulation with polyinosine-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA and a ligand for TLR3, and the signal transduction were examined. One hundred to 150 muM H(2)O(2) significantly potentiated the release of IL-8 from the epithelial cells after stimulation with 10 microg/ml poly(I:C). The H(2)O(2)-augmented IL-8 release was inhibited by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. One hundred micromoles of H(2)O(2) enhanced the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65, but not that of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), into the nucleus and the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity after poly(I:C) stimulation, which effect was inhibited not by the silencing of IRF-3 but by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, or dexamethasone. One hundred micromoles of H(2)O(2) potentiated the TLR3 expression on the airway epithelial cells treated with poly(I:C). These data suggest that oxidative stress augments the response of TLR3 in airway epithelial cells via NF-kappaB and that this effect might be partly mediated by the enhancement of TLR3 expression. Modulation of this pathway may be a therapeutic target for viral-induced exacerbations of COPD.
| S-EPMC2891495 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Chronic respiratory diseases, whose one of the hallmarks is oxidative stress, are still incurable and need novel therapeutic tools and pharmaceutical agents. The phenolic compounds contained in grape are endowed with well-recognized anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. Considering that natural anti-oxidants, such as proanthocyanidins, have poor water solubility and oral bioavailability, we have developed a drug delivery system based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), apt to encapsulate grape seed extract (GSE), containing proanthocyanidins. METHODS:Plain, 6-coumarin (6-Coum), DiR- and GSE-loaded SLN were produced with the melt-emulsion method. Physicochemical characterization of all prepared SLN was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry. MTT assay (spectrophotometry) and propidium iodide (PI) assay (cytofluorimetry) were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry coupled with cell imaging was performed for assessing apoptosis and necrosis by Annexin V/7-AAD staining (plain SLE), cell internalization (6-Coum-SLN) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (SLN-GSE). NF-κB nuclear translocation was studied by immunofluorescence. In vivo bio-imaging was used to assess lung deposition and persistence of aerosolized DiR-loaded SLN. RESULTS:Plain SLN were not cytotoxic when incubated with H441 airway epithelial cells, as judged by both PI and MTT assays as well as by apoptosis/necrosis evaluation. 6-Coum-loaded SLN were taken up by H441 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and persisted into cells at detectable levels up to 16 days. SLN were detected in mice lungs up to 6 days. SLN-GSE possessed 243 nm as mean diameter, were negatively charged, and stable in size at 37 °C in Simulated Lung Fluid up to 48 h and at 4 °C in double distilled water up to 2 months. The content of SLN in proanthocyanidins remained unvaried up to 2 months. GSE-loaded SLN determined a significant reduction in ROS production when added 24-72 h before the stimulation with hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, while at 24 h free GSE determined a higher decrease of ROS production than SLN-GSE, the contrary was seen at 48 and 72 h. Similar results were observed for NF-κB nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS:SLN are a biocompatible drug delivery system for natural anti-oxidants obtained from grape seed in a model of oxidative stress in airway epithelial cells. They feature stability and long-term persistence inside cells where they release proanthocyanidins. These results could pave the way to novel anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies for chronic respiratory diseases.
| S-EPMC5966913 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: There are reports of improved metabolic outcomes due to consumption of germinated brown rice (GBR). Many of the functional effects of GBR can be linked to its high amounts of antioxidants. Interestingly, dietary components with high antioxidants have shown promise in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This effect of dietary components is mostly based on their ability to prevent apoptosis, which is believed to link oxidative damage to pathological changes in AD. In view of the rich antioxidant content of GBR, we studied its potential to modulate processes leading up to AD. METHODS: The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the ethyl acetate extract of GBR were compared to that of brown rice (BR), and the cytotoxicity of both extracts were determined on human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. Based on its higher antioxidant potentials, the effect of the GBR extract on morphological changes due to hydrogen peroxide (H?O?)-induced oxidative damage in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells was examined using inverted light microscope and fluorescence microscope by means of acridine orange-propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining. Also, evaluation of the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant and apoptotic genes was carried out using Multiplex Gene Expression System. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate extract of GBR had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to BR. The cytotoxicity results showed that GBR extract did not cause any damage to the human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells at concentrations of up to 20 ppm, and the morphological analyses showed that the GBR extract (up to 10 ppm) prevented H?O?-induced apoptotic changes in the cells. Furthermore, multiplex gene expression analyses showed that the protection of the cells by the GBR extract was linked to its ability to induce transcriptional changes in antioxidant (SOD 1, SOD 2 and catalase) and apoptotic (AKT, NF-K?, ERK1/2, JNK, p53 and p38 MAPK) genes that tended towards survival. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results of our study showed that the ethyl acetate extract of GBR, with high antioxidant potentials, could prevent H?O?-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. The potential of GBR and its neuroprotective mechanism in ameliorating oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity is therefore worth exploring further.
| S-EPMC3726323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhinovirus is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections and asthma attacks, but infections are also frequently cleared from the nasal mucosa without causing symptoms. We sought to better understand host defense against rhinovirus by investigating antiviral defense in primary human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells cultured ex vivo. Surprisingly, upon rhinovirus infection or RIG-I stimulation, nasal-derived epithelial cells exhibited much more robust antiviral responses than bronchial-derived cells. Conversely, RIG-I stimulation triggered more robust activation of the NRF2-dependent oxidative stress response in bronchial cells compared to nasal cells. NRF2 activation dampened epithelial antiviral responses, whereas NRF2 knockdown enhanced antiviral responses and was protective during rhinovirus infection. These findings demonstrate a tradeoff in epithelial defense against distinct types of airway damage, namely, viral versus oxidative, and reveal differential calibration of defense responses in cells derived from different airway microenvironments.
| S-EPMC6190718 | biostudies-literature