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Are Bank Employees Psychologically and Structurally Empowered? an Assessment from the Indian Banking Sector

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of our research is to seek insight into the antecedents of employee empowerment at both organizational and individual levels. We also address the outcomes of empowerment at the individual level. Subsequently, the research discusses the mediation effect of psychological empowerment on structural empowerment and its outcome as job satisfaction. A total of 400 samples were collected from the employees of public and private sector banks in India using an online questionnaire, during the Covid-19 pandemic period. To test the hypotheses, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis were used. The study proved that the antecedents such as psychological and structural empowerment have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while psychological empowerment partially mediates between structural empowerment and job satisfaction. This research attempts an integrative approach as suggested by the Social Cognitive Theory for predicting empowerment. We have used unidimensional constructs of psychological empowerment, structural empowerment, and job satisfaction in the Indian banking sector. This study contributes to both theory and practice by providing insights into the benefits of public and private sector bank employees which is gained through the implementation of empowerment policies during the Covid-19 period.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10672-021-09393-z.

SUBMITTER: Arathy C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8598101 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Productivity and monetary loss due to migraine in the workplace may be substantial. This study aimed to determine the impact of migraine on productivity and monetary lost among employees in the banking sectors, in a multiethnic middle income country. METHODS:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among employees in two multinational banks in Malaysia between April and July 2019. Screening for migraine was conducted using the self-administered ID-Migraine™ questionnaire. Migraine-related disability (MIDAS) and headache frequency were recorded. Impact of migraine on work productivity and activities were evaluated using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. RESULTS:Of the 1268 employees who submitted complete responses, 47.2% (n?=?598) were screened positive for migraine. Strikingly, the mean percent productivity loss at work (presenteeism) was almost 20-fold higher than the mean percent work time missed due to migraine (absenteeism) (39.1% versus 1.9%). The mean percent productivity loss in regular activity (activity impairment) and overall work productivity loss (work impairment) was 38.4% and 39.9%, respectively. It was also found that the costs related to presenteeism (MYR 5392.6) (US$1296) was 3.5-fold higher than absenteeism (MYR1,548.3) (US$370). Highest monetary loss related to presenteeism was reported in migraineurs with frequency of headache of above 3 days (MYR 25,691.2) (US$6176), whereas highest monetary loss related to absenteeism was reported in migraineurs with MIDAS grade IV (MYR 12,369.1) (US$2973). Only 30% of migraineurs of MIDAS grade IV reported taking prescribed medication. Notably, a vast majority (96%) of migraineurs who had three or lower episodes of migraine per month did not seek treatment. CONCLUSION:The significant impact of migraine on work productivity and regular activity, appears to lead to substantial monetary loss attributed to not only absenteeism, but more importantly to presenteeism. This study also highlights the unmet needs in migraine management among employees in the banking sector.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough studies have identified a high prevalence of migraine among employees in the banking sector, the symptoms of migraine, related disability and occupational risk factors are not well understood.AimsTo determine migraine prevalence, symptoms and disability among bank employees in Guizhou province in China and to examine occupational risk factors associated with migraine positivity and symptoms.MethodsIn a cross-sectional survey, two-stage probability sampling was used to select bank employees in Guizhou province, China. From May to October 2022, uniformly trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews using the HARDSHIP questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with migraine positivity and symptoms.ResultsOf 1,985 contactable eligible subjects, 1,929 (male 45.4%, female 54.6%) completed the survey. The one-year prevalence of migraine was 27.2% (95% CI 25.2-29.2%). Of migraine-positive individuals, 11.2% had a monthly frequency ≥ 15 days, 11.8% had an attack duration > 72 h, and 14.9% had severe pain intensity. The median of days lost from work, housework and social activities due to migraine during a three-month period was 4, 3 and 2 days, respectively, with more than half (52.8%) patients reporting Grade III or IV disability. In multivariable analyses, positions in data analysis (OR = 1.8 [95% CI 1.2-2.8], p < 0.01) and information technology (OR = 3.8 [95% CI 1.7-8.3], p < 0.01) were occupational risk factors for migraine positivity. It was also found that professional positions were predictive of migraine attacks ≥ 15 days per month, administrative positions were predictive of duration > 72 h and severe pain intensity of migraine attacks, and working in remote branches was predictive of duration > 72 h.ConclusionsMigraine is prevalent among employees in the banking sector in Guizhou province in China, with a large proportion of sufferers carrying a high burden of symptoms and disability. The practical implication of this study is that the risk factors identified here could be translated to the focus of workplace monitoring and interventions to manage and prevent migraine.

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Are Bank Employees Psychologically and Structurally Empowered? an Assessment from the Indian Banking Sector

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