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Facile fabrication and characterization of kraft lignin@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using pH driven precipitation: Effects on increasing lignin content.

ABSTRACT: This work offers a facile fabrication method for lignin nanocomposites through the assembly of kraft lignin onto magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) based on pH-driven precipitation, without needing organic solvents or lignin functionalization. Kraft lignin@Fe₃O₄ multicore nanocomposites fabrication proceeded using a simple, pH-driven precipitation technique. An alkaline solution for kraft lignin (pH 12) was rapidly injected into an aqueous-based Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle colloidal suspension (pH 7) under constant mixing conditions, allowing the fabrication of lignin magnetic nanocomposites. The effects of increasing lignin to initial Fe₃O₄ mass content (g/g), increasing in ratio from 1:1 to 20:1, are discussed with a complete chemical, structural, and morphological characterization. Results showed that nanocomposites fabricated above 5:1 lignin:Fe₃O₄ had the highest lignin coverage and content (>20%), possessed superparamagnetic properties (Ms ≈ 45,000 A·m²/kg²); had a negative surface charge (-30 mV), and formed multicore nanostructures (D_H ≈ 150 nm). The multicore lignin@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites allowed rapid magnetically induced separations from suspension. After 5 min exposure to a rare-earth neodymium magnet (1.27 mm × 1.27 mm × 5.08 mm), lignin@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites exhibited a maximum methylene blue removal efficiency of 74.1% ± 7.1%. These nanocomposites have potential in magnetically induced separations to remove organic dyes, heavy metals, or other lignin adsorbates.

SUBMITTER: Petrie FA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8609404 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A magnetic nanocomposite (MNC) is an integrated nanoplatform that combines a set of functions of two types of materials. A successful combination can give rise to a completely new material with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. The magnetic core of MNC provides the possibility of magnetic resonance or magnetic particle imaging, magnetic field-influenced targeted delivery, hyperthermia, and other outstanding applications. Recently, MNC gained attention for external magnetic field-guided specific delivery to cancer tissue. Further, drug loading enhancement, construction stability, and biocompatibility improvement may lead to high progress in the area. Herein, the novel method for nanoscale Fe3O4@CaCO3 composites synthesis was proposed. For the procedure, oleic acid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with porous CaCO3 using an ion coprecipitation technique. PEG-2000, Tween 20, and DMEM cell media was successfully used as a stabilization agent and template for Fe3O4@CaCO3 synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) data were used for the Fe3O4@CaCO3 MNC's characterization. To improve the nanocomposite properties, the concentration of the magnetic core was varied, yielding optimal size, polydispersity, and aggregation ability. The resulting Fe3O4@CaCO3 had a size of 135 nm with narrow size distributions, which is suitable for biomedical applications. The stability experiment in various pH, cell media, and fetal bovine serum was also evaluated. The material showed low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility. An excellent anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading of up to 1900 µg/mg (DOX/MNC) was demonstrated. The Fe3O4@CaCO3/DOX displayed high stability at neutral pH and efficient acid-responsive drug release. The series of DOX-loaded Fe3O4@CaCO3 MNCs indicated effective inhibition of Hela and MCF-7 cell lines, and the IC 50 values were calculated. Moreover, 1.5 μg of the DOX-loaded Fe3O4@CaCO3 nanocomposite is sufficient to inhibit 50% of Hela cells, which shows a high prospect for cancer treatment. The stability experiments for DOX-loaded Fe3O4@CaCO3 in human serum albumin solution indicated the drug release due to the formation of a protein corona. The presented experiment showed the "pitfalls" of DOX-loaded nanocomposites and provided step-by-step guidance on efficient, smart, anticancer nanoconstruction fabrication. Thus, the Fe3O4@CaCO3 nanoplatform exhibits good performance in the cancer treatment area.

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Facile fabrication and characterization of kraft lignin@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using pH driven precipitation: Effects on increasing lignin content.

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Facile fabrication and characterization of kraft lignin@Fe3O4 nanocomposites using pH driven precipitation: Effects on increasing lignin content.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Facile fabrication and characterization of kraft lignin@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using pH driven precipitation: Effects on increasing lignin content.