Metabolic Syndrome Increases the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chang CW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8622125 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background Cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure to treat symptomatic gallstones; however, the long-term outcomes after cholecystectomy are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cholecystectomy through a large, population-based, longitudinal study. Methods Subjects aged ≥20 years who underwent cholecystectomy from 2010 to 2014 (n=76,485) and controls (n=76,485), matched for age and sex, were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate the association between cases and incident MetS, and hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 152,970 patients were included. Mean age was 52.47±12.76 years, and 50.65% of participants were male. During the follow-up period, there were 38,979 (25.48%) newly diagnosed MetS cases in the study participants. The risk of MetS in the cholecystectomy group was approximately 20% higher than that in the control group [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.20; 95% CI: 1.17–1.23]. In the fully adjusted models, the corresponding ORs for new-onset high waist circumference (WC), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, high triglycerides (TG) levels, high blood pressure (BP), and high blood glucose levels were 1.16 (1.13–1.19), 1.19 (1.16–1.22), 1.25 (1.22–1.28), 1.27 (1.23–1.31), and 1.21 (1.18–1.24), respectively. Cholecystectomy was an independent risk factor of incident MetS, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the subgroup analyses, the cholecystectomy group had a higher risk of MetS than the control group in subjects without hypertension or dyslipidemia, respectively. Conclusions In this large, population-based study, cholecystectomy was associated with an increased risk of developing MetS, independent of other confounding factors. Therefore, careful monitoring of metabolic variables and long-term follow-up are required to evaluate MetS risk after cholecystectomy.
| S-EPMC10432299 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kidney stone formers (SF) are more likely to develop diabetes mellitus (DM), but there is no study examining risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population. We aimed to describe the risk of MetS in SF compared to non-SF. SF referred to a tertiary referral metabolic centre in Southern England from 1990 to 2007, comparator patients were age, sex, and period (first stone) matched with 3:1 ratio from the same primary care database. SF with no documentation or previous MetS were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained and MetS was defined using the modified Association of American Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) criteria. Analysis with cox proportional hazard regression. In total, 828 SF were included after 1000 records were screened for inclusion, with 2484 age and sex matched non-SF comparators. Median follow-up was 19 years (interquartile range-IQR: 15-22) for both stone formers and stone-free comparators. SF were at significantly increased risk of developing MetS (hazard ratio-HR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.55-2.03, p < 0.001). This effect was robust to adjustment for pre-existing components (HR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.66-2.19, p < 0.001). Kidney stone formers are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Given the pathophysiological mechanism, the stone is likely a 'symptom' of an underlying metabolic abnormality, whether covert or overt. This has implications the risk of further stone events and cardiovascular disease.
| S-EPMC7957897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research indicates smoking increases the risk of various kidney diseases, although the risk of developing kidney stone disease in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke is unknown. This study analyzed a total of 19,430 never-smokers with no history of kidney stone disease who participated in the Taiwan Biobank from 2008 to 2019. They were divided into two groups by secondhand smoke exposure; no exposure and exposure groups; the mean age of participants was 51 years, and 81% were women. Incident kidney stone development was observed in 352 (2.0%) and 50 (3.3%) participants in the no exposure and exposure groups during a mean follow-up of 47 months. The odds ratio (OR) of incident kidney stone was significantly higher in the exposure group than the no exposure group [OR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.21 to 2.23]. Participants with > 1.2 h per week exposure were associated with almost twofold risk of developing kidney stones compared with no exposure (OR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.86). Our study suggests that secondhand smoke is a risk factor for development of kidney stones and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of this finding.
| S-EPMC8421344 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo validate the performance of current diabetes risk scores (DRSs) based on simple clinical information in detecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).Research design and methodsThe performance of 10 DRSs was evaluated in a cross-sectional population screening of 2,759 Taiwanese subjects.ResultsAll DRSs significantly correlated with measures of insulin resistance, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin excretion. The prevalence of screening-detected diabetes (SDM), MetSyn, and CKD increased with higher DRSs. For prediction of SDM, the Cambridge DRS by Griffin et al. and the Finnish DRS outperformed other DRSs in terms of discriminative power and model fit. For prediction of MetSyn and CKD, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study score by Schmidt et al. outperformed other DRSs.ConclusionsRisk scores based on simple clinical information are useful to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes, MetSyn, and CKD in different ethnic populations.
| S-EPMC2782993 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFructose intake, mainly as table sugar or high fructose corn syrup, has increased in recent decades and is associated with increased risk for kidney stones. We hypothesized that fructose intake alters serum and urinary components involved in stone formation.MethodsWe analyzed a previously published randomized controlled study that included 33 healthy male adults (40-65 years of age) who ingested 200 g of fructose (supplied in a 2-L volume of 10% fructose in water) daily for 2 weeks. Participants were evaluated at the Unit of Nephrology of the Mateo Orfila Hospital in Menorca. Changes in serum levels of magnesium, calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, vitamin D, and intact PTH levels were evaluated. Urine magnesium, calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, citrate, oxalate, sodium, potassium, as well as urinary pH, were measured.ResultsIngestion of fructose was associated with an increased serum level of uric acid (p < 0.001), a decrease in serum ionized calcium (p = 0.003) with a mild increase in PTH (p < 0.05) and a drop in urinary pH (p = 0.02), an increase in urine oxalate (p = 0.016) and decrease in urinary magnesium (p = 0.003).ConclusionsFructose appears to increase urinary stone formation in part via effects on urate metabolism and urinary pH, and also via effects on oxalate. Fructose may be a contributing factor for the development of kidney stones in subjects with metabolic syndrome and those suffering from heat stress.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00639756 March 20, 2008.
| S-EPMC6225702 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of abdominal obesity is increasing worldwide. Adults with abdominal obesity have been reported to have increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether non-obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) <?25?kg/m2) with abdominal obesity examined in the framework of the Swiss-Hungarian Cooperation Programme had increased metabolic risk compared to participants without abdominal obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 5228 non-obese individuals. Data were collected between July 2012 and February 2016. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression models were applied, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) being the outcomes.Results607 (11.6%) out of the 5228 non-obese individuals had abdominal obesity. The correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients between BMI and waist circumference (WC) were 0.610 in males and 0.526 in females. In this subgroup, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, and high total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher. The logistic regression model based on these data showed significantly higher risk for developing high systolic blood pressure (OR?=?1.53; 95% CI?=?1.20-1.94), low HDL cholesterol (OR?=?2.06; 95% CI?=?1.09-3.89), and high trygliceride level (OR?=?1.65; 95% CI?=?1.27-2.16).ConclusionsThere was a very high, significant, positive correlation between WC and BMI. Abdominal obesity was found to be strongly related to certain metabolic risk factors among non-obese subjects. Hence, measuring waist circumference could be recommended as a simple and efficient tool for screening abdominal obesity and related metabolic risk even in non-obese individuals.
| S-EPMC6858760 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: In regions of declining malaria transmission, new strategies for control are needed to reduce transmission and achieve elimination. Artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) is active against immature gametocytes and can reduce the risk of transmission. We sought to determine whether household screening and treatment of infected individuals provides protection against infection for household members. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The study was conducted in two areas in Southern Province, Zambia in 2007 and 2008/2009. To determine the impact of proactive case detection, households were randomly selected either to join a longitudinal cohort, in which participants were repeatedly screened throughout the year and those infected treated with artemether-lumefantrine, or a cross-sectional survey, in which participants were visited only once. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted throughout the year. The prevalence of RDT positivity was compared between the longitudinal and cross-sectional households at baseline and during follow-up using multilevel logistic regression. In the 2007 study area, 174 and 156 participants enrolled in the cross-sectional and longitudinal groups, respectively. In the 2008/2009 study area, 917 and 234 participants enrolled in the cross-sectional and longitudinal groups, respectively. In both study areas, participants and households in the longitudinal and cross-sectional groups were similar on demographic characteristics and prevalence of RDT positivity at baseline (2007: OR?=?0.97; 95% CI:0.46, 2.03 | 2008/2009: OR?=?1.28; 95% CI:0.44, 3.79). After baseline, the prevalence of RDT positivity was significantly lower in longitudinal compared to cross-sectional households in both study areas (2007: OR?=?0.44; 95% CI:0.20, 0.96 | 2008/2009: OR?=?0.16; 95% CI:0.05, 0.55). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Proactive case detection, consisting of screening household members with an RDT and treating those positive with ACT, can reduce transmission and provide indirect protection to household members. A targeted test and treat strategy could contribute to the elimination of malaria in regions of low transmission.
| S-EPMC3272029 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundPregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.MethodsDetailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status.ResultsCompared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters.ConclusionsPregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
| S-EPMC5153817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effect of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area on metabolic syndrome (MS) has been debated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of VAT and SAT on the incidence of MS and its components in a large and apparently healthy Asian population. We performed a longitudinal cohort study of 1,964 subjects who received health screenings over a 5-year follow-up period; 317 incidents of MS (16.1%) were observed during a median follow-up of 4.5 years. The VAT area was significantly associated with a higher incidence of MS; the adjusted HR for incident MS per 1 SD of VAT was 1.50 (95% CI 1.29-1.74), and the adjusted HR of the 5th VAT quintile compared with the 1st quintile was 3.73 (95% CI 2.22-6.28). However, the SAT area was not associated with incident MS. Although the VAT area was longitudinally associated with the incidence of each component of MS, the SAT area was inversely associated with the risk of high blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and triglycerides, with marginal significance. In conclusion, the VAT area is longitudinally associated with an increased risk of incident MS, while SAT may have a protective effect against the incidence of individual MS components.
| S-EPMC5591218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study explored the association between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 56,476 adults from the health screening centers in Taiwan from 2001 to 2010. Dietary intake and dietary patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and uric acid were measured as clinical parameters of kidney function. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters. After adjusting for confounders, the highest tertiles of the processed food-sweets dietary pattern and the meat-seafood-eggs dietary pattern were associated with increased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but decreased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest tertiles of the veggie-fruit-grains dietary pattern and the milk-dairy dietary pattern were associated with decreased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but increased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). A processed food-sweets dietary pattern or a meat-seafood-eggs dietary pattern is associated with worse kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, a veggie-fruit-grains dietary pattern or a milk-dairy dietary pattern is associated with better kidney function parameters.
| S-EPMC7823384 | biostudies-literature