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Structural Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant, Antileishmania, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of a Novel Quercetin Acetylated Derivative.

ABSTRACT: Quercetin (Q) is a bioflavonoid with biological potential; however, poor solubility in water, extensive enzymatic metabolism and a reduced bioavailability limit its biopharmacological use. The aim of this study was to perform structural modification in Q by acetylation, thus, obtaining the quercetin pentaacetate (Q5) analogue, in order to investigate the biological potentials (antioxidant, antileishmania, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities) in cell cultures. Q5 was characterized by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. The antioxidant potential was evaluated against the radical ABTS^•+. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using the AlamarBlue method in cancer cells HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma), HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) and MCR-5 (healthy human lung fibroblasts) as well as the MTT method for C6 cell cultures (rat glioma). Q and Q5 showed antioxidant activity of 29% and 18%, respectively, which is justified by the replacement of hydroxyls by acetyl groups. Q and Q5 showed concentration-dependent reductions in NO and TNF production (p < 0.05); Q and Q5 showed higher activity at concentrations > 40µM when compared to dexamethasone (20 µM). For the HL-60 lineage, Q5 demonstrated selectivity, inducing death in cancer cells, when compared to the healthy cell line MRC-5 (IC₅₀ > 80 µM). Finally, the cytotoxic superiority of Q5 was verified (IC₅₀ = 11 µM), which, at 50 µM for 24 h, induced changes in the morphology of C6 glioma cells characterized by a round body shape (not yet reported in the literature). The analogue Q5 had potential biological effects and may be promising for further investigations against other cell cultures, particularly neural ones.

SUBMITTER: da Silva SVS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8623808 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A series of N-substituted saccharins namely 2-(1,1-dioxido-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl) acetonitrile (2) and (alkyl 1,1-dioxido-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl) acetate (3a-g) were synthesized, in moderate to excellent yields, from commercially available starting materials by two different approaches and their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and MS). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory toward IL-6 and TNF-α, antioxidant, as well as their anticancer activities against hepatic cancer cells. In addition, their anti-fungal and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested. All the tested compounds have exhibited excellent (3a, d, e) to moderate anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, esters (3b, f) and nitrile (2) showed excellent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, ester 3f, with isopropyl ester, exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity compared to the other esters. Moreover, all compounds were evaluated as selective inhibitors of the human COX-1 enzyme using molecular docking by calculating the free energy of binding, inhibition constant, and other parameters to find out the binding affinity. The molecular study showed that esters (3d, f) and nitrile (2) revealed the highest binding affinities, hence enhancing the inhibition activity with the active site of the COX-1 enzyme. All the tested compounds have more negative Gibbs free, electrostatic, and total intermolecular energies than the standard inhibitor ASA. These results indicate that, all the tested sultams are potent anti-inflammatory drugs as compared to standard inhibitors. Finally, the chemical properties and the quantum factors of synthesized sultams were calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict reactivity, and then correlated with the experimental data. Ester 3f showed the lowest ionization potential and lowest energy gap (Egap = 7.5691 eV), which was correlated with its cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, the spatial electron distribution of HOMO, LUMO were computed and it clearly indicates the electron donation ability of all the tested compounds.

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Structural Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant, Antileishmania, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of a Novel Quercetin Acetylated Derivative.

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