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Interaction between ZnO Nanoparticles and Albumin and Its Effect on Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, Intestinal Transport, Toxicokinetics, and Acute Oral Toxicity.

ABSTRACT: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are used as zinc supplements due to the nutritional value of Zn. The toxicity of ZnO NPs in the food industry is required to be elucidated because they have large surface area and high reactivity compared with bulk-sized materials and have potentials to interact with food matrices, which may lead to different biological responses. In this study, interactions between ZnO NPs and food proteins (albumin, casein, and zein) were evaluated by measuring changes in physicochemical property, fluorescence quenching ratios, and structural protein stability compared with ZnO interaction with glucose, the most interacted saccharide in our previous report. The interaction effects on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, intestinal transport, toxicokinetics, and acute oral toxicity were also investigated. The results demonstrate that interaction between ZnO and albumin reduced hydrodynamic diameters, but increased cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and intestinal transport in a similar manner to ZnO interaction with glucose, without affecting primary structural protein stability and toxicokinetic behaviors. Hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological analysis reveal no toxicological findings after orally administered ZnO NPs interacted with albumin or glucose in rats for 14 consecutive days, suggesting their low oral toxicity. In conclusion, the interactions between ZnO NPs and food proteins modulate in vitro biological responses, but do not affect in vivo acute oral toxicity. Further study is required to ascertain the interaction effects on chronic oral toxicity.

SUBMITTER: Jung EB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8625151 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The traditional use of Onosma L. species as a remedy motivated scientists to discover great biological/pharmacological potentials in this plant. In the current study, in addition to the phytochemical composition of methanol (MeOH), water, and ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Onosma mutabilis Boiss., an endemic plant species in the flora of Kurdistan, Iraq, in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and oral toxicity activity were investigated. Results of total phenolic and total flavonoid tests show the MeOH extract superiority, and the results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer(GS/GS-MS) show 18 chemical compounds in the MeOH extract, and the majority of the detected compounds were alkaloids (78.77%) and steroids (11.48%), namely as 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl) naphthalene-1,4-dione (48.60%), 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (27.49%), β-Sitosterol (6.81%), Phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-, phosphite (3.46%), and 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (3.14%). Results of the antioxidant tests show the MeOH extract superiority in the phosphomolybdenum assay, radical scavenging [on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] assays, and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays (1.45, 3.54, 2.33, 1.12, 1.62, mg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity results of the plant extract are presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on the prostate cancer cells (DU-145), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervix carcinoma (Hep2c), at which values ranged from 28.79 to 41.83 μg/ml. Results of the acute toxicity in the dose-dependent trail (100, 200, 300, 600 mg/kg of MeOH) show the absence of the behavior and appearance changes of female Wister rats. Overall, O. mutabilis extract exhibited significant natural potentials probably because of its polar phytochemicals, which could be an alternative source for remedial, nutrient, and cosmetic manufacture.

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Interaction between ZnO Nanoparticles and Albumin and Its Effect on Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, Intestinal Transport, Toxicokinetics, and Acute Oral Toxicity.

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