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Methylated (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate potentiates the effect of split vaccine accompanied with upregulation of Toll-like receptor 5.

ABSTRACT: Split-virus vaccine serves as a major countermeasure against influenza virus, but its effectiveness and protective action are not complete. We previously demonstrated the effect of Benifuuki, a green tea cultivar in Japan, on enhancing the split-virus vaccine-elicited immune response. However, little is known about the detail mechanisms. Here, we show that EGCG3"Me intake significantly potentiated the vaccine-elicited hemagglutination inhibition titer increase. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the increased Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) expression after EGCG3"Me treatment in lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs) and macrophages, which play crucial roles in the humoral immune system. TLR5 expression correlated with the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/C-C chemokine type receptor 5, which are important mediators of the humoral immunity. Taken together, In vivo and ex vivo studies showed that EGCG3"Me potentiated the split-virus vaccine-elicited immune response accompanied with the upregulation of TLR5 in intestine and splenocyte macrophages.

SUBMITTER: Kumazoe M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8630126 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant.

Project description:Vaccine adjuvants from natural resources have been utilized for enhancing vaccine efficacy against infectious diseases. This study examined the potential use of catechins, polyphenolic materials derived from green tea, as adjuvants for subunit and inactivated vaccines. Previously, catechins have been documented to have irreversible virucidal function, with the possible applicability in the inactivated viral vaccine platform. In a mouse model, the coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigens induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies, comparable to that induced by alum, providing complete protection against the lethal challenge. Adjuvant effects were observed for all types of HA antigens, including recombinant full-length HA and HA1 globular domain, and egg-derived inactivated split influenza vaccines. The combination of alum and EGCG further increased neutralizing (NT) antibody titers with the corresponding hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, demonstrating a dose-sparing effect. Remarkably, EGCG induced immunoglobulin isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a (approximately >64-700 fold increase), exerting a more balanced TH1/TH2 response compared to alum. The upregulation of IgG2a correlated with significant enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) function (approximately 14 fold increase), providing a potent effector-mediated protection in addition to NT and HI. As the first report on a novel class of vaccine adjuvants with built-in virucidal activities, the results of this study will help improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for pandemic preparedness.

| S-EPMC8632720 | biostudies-literature

A combination of metformin and epigallocatechin gallate potentiates glioma chemotherapy <i>in vivo</i>.

Project description:Glioma is the most devastating high-grade tumor of the central nervous system, with dismal prognosis. Existing treatment modality does not provide substantial benefit to patients and demands novel strategies. One of the first-line treatments for glioma, temozolomide, provides marginal benefit to glioma patients. Repurposing of existing non-cancer drugs to treat oncology patients is gaining momentum in recent years. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic benefits of combining three repurposed drugs, namely, metformin (anti-diabetic) and epigallocatechin gallate (green tea-derived antioxidant) together with temozolomide in a glioma-induced xenograft rat model. Our triple-drug combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and increased the survival rate (50%) of rats when compared with individual or dual treatments. Molecular and cellular analyses revealed that our triple-drug cocktail treatment inhibited glioma tumor growth in rat model through ROS-mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, arrest of the cell cycle at G1 phase and induction of molecular mechanisms of caspases-dependent apoptosis.In addition, the docking analysis and quantum mechanics studies performed here hypothesize that the effect of triple-drug combination could have been attributed by their difference in molecular interactions, that maybe due to varying electrostatic potential. Thus, repurposing metformin and epigallocatechin gallate and concurrent administration with temozolomide would serve as a prospective therapy in glioma patients.

| S-EPMC10070706 | biostudies-literature

Epigallocatechin Gallate modulates microglia phenotype

Project description:We have identified Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) as a potent modulator of microglia function. Our aim was to determine whether EGCG affects the transcriptome of microglia and identify genes and gene sets that may underly the effects of EGCG on microglia function.

2024-07-17 | GSE208144 | GEO

Epigallocatechin Gallate modulates microglia phenotype

Project description:Epigallocatechin Gallate modulates microglia phenotype

| PRJNA858466 | ENA

The Effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on the Amyloid-β Secondary Structure.

Project description:Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a macromolecular structure of great interest because its misfolding and aggregation, along with changes in the secondary structure, have been correlated with its toxicity in various neurodegenerative diseases. Small drug-like molecules can modulate the amyloid secondary structure and therefore have raised significant interest in applications to active and passive therapies targeting amyloids. In this study, we investigate the interactions of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, with Aβ polypeptides, using a combination of in vitro immuno-infrared sensor measurements, docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ab initio calculations. We find that the interactions of EGCG are dominated by only a few residues in the fibrils, including hydrophobic π-π interactions with aromatic rings of side chains and hydrophilic interactions with the backbone of Aβ, as confirmed by extended (1-μs-long) molecular dynamics simulations. Immuno-infrared sensor data are consistent with degradation of Aβ fibril induced by EGCG and inhibition of Aβ fibril and oligomer formation, as manifested by the recovery of the amide-I band of monomeric Aβ, which is red-shifted by 26 cm-1 when compared to the amide-I band of the fibrillar form. The shift is rationalized by computations of the infrared spectra of Aβ42 model structures, suggesting that the conformational change involves interchain hydrogen bonds in the amyloid fibrils that are broken upon binding of EGCG.

| S-EPMC7376235 | biostudies-literature

Biophysical Characterization of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Effect on the Cardiac Sodium Channel Nav1.5.

Project description:Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its protective effect against cardiovascular disorders. This effect has been attributed to its action on multiple molecular pathways and transmembrane proteins, including the cardiac Nav1.5 channels, which are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains to be unveiled. To this aim, we have characterized the EGCG effect on Nav1.5 using electrophysiology and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. EGCG superfusion induced a dose-dependent inhibition of Nav1.5 expressed in tsA201 cells, negatively shifted the steady-state inactivation curve, slowed the inactivation kinetics, and delayed the recovery from fast inactivation. However, EGCG had no effect on the voltage-dependence of activation and showed little use-dependent block on Nav1.5. Finally, MD simulations suggested that EGCG does not preferentially stay in the center of the bilayer, but that it spontaneously relocates to the membrane headgroup region. Moreover, no sign of spontaneous crossing from one leaflet to the other was observed, indicating a relatively large free energy barrier associated with EGCG transport across the membrane. These results indicate that EGCG may exert its biophysical effect via access to its binding site through the cell membrane or via a bilayer-mediated mechanism.

| S-EPMC7070937 | biostudies-literature

Effects of O-methylated (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and alveolar bone loss in mice.

Project description:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), present in green tea, exhibits antioxidant and antiallergy effects. EGCG3″Me, a 3-O-methylated derivative of EGCG, has been reported to show similar biological functions; the inhibitory activity of EGCG3″Me in a mouse allergy model was more potent than that of EGCG, probably due to the efficiency of absorption from the intestine. However, the functional potency of these EGCGs is controversial in each disease model. We previously observed that EGCG suppressed inflammatory bone resorption and prevented alveolar bone loss in a mouse model of periodontosis. In this study, we examined the role of EGCG3″Me in bone resorption using a mouse model of periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoclast formation was suppressed by adding EGCG3″Me to cocultures of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, and LPS-induced bone resorption was also inhibited by EGCG3″Me in calvarial organ cultures. EGCG3″Me acted on osteoblasts and suppressed prostaglandin E (PGE) production, which is critical for inflammatory bone resorption, by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1, key enzymes for PGE synthesis. In osteoclast precursor macrophages, EGCG3″Me suppressed RANKL-dependent differentiation into mature osteoclasts. In a mouse model of periodontitis, LPS-induced bone resorption was suppressed by EGCG3″Me in organ culture of mouse alveolar bone, and the alveolar bone loss was further attenuated by the treatment of EGCG3″Me in the lower gingiva in vivo. EGCG3″Me may be a potential natural compound for the protection of inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.

| S-EPMC5715342 | biostudies-other

Therapeutic Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanodelivery Systems.

Project description:Nowadays, the society is facing a large health problem with the rising of new diseases, including cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and obesity. Thus, it is important to invest in substances that enhance the health of the population. In this context, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid found in many plants, especially in tea. Several studies support the notion that EGCG has several benefits in fighting cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. Nevertheless, the poor intestinal absorbance and instability of EGCG constitute the main drawback to use this molecule in prevention and therapy. The encapsulation of EGCG in nanocarriers leads to its enhanced stability and higher therapeutic effects. A comprehensive review of studies currently available on the encapsulation of EGCG by means of nanocarriers will be addressed.

| S-EPMC5534279 | biostudies-literature

Metabolic interactions between cysteamine and epigallocatechin gallate.

Project description:Phase II clinical trials indicate that the combination of cysteamine plus epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is effective against cystic fibrosis in patients bearing the most frequent etiological mutation (CFTR?F508). Here, we investigated the interaction between both agents on cultured respiratory epithelia cells from normal and CFTR?F508-mutated donors. We observed that the combination of both agents affected metabolic circuits (and in particular the tricarboxylic acid cycle) in a unique way and that cysteamine plus EGCG reduced cytoplasmic protein acetylation more than each of the 2 components alone. In a cell-free system, protein cross-linking activity of EGCG was suppressed by cysteamine. Finally, EGCG was able to enhance the conversion of cysteamine into taurine in metabolic flux experiments. Altogether, these results indicate that multiple pharmacological interactions occur between cysteamine and EGCG, suggesting that they contribute to the unique synergy of both agents in restoring the function of mutated CFTR?F508.

| S-EPMC5323035 | biostudies-literature

Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on dental biofilm of Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study.

Project description:BackgroundStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays a major role in the formation of dental caries. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on biofilm formation of S. mutans.MethodsFollowing exposure to increasing concentrations of EGCG, the planktonic growth was measured by optical density and the biofilm biomass was quantified by crystal violet staining. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) production was visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy, and the bacterial DNA content was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Gene expression of selected genes was analyzed by real time (RT)-qPCR and membrane potential was examined by flow cytometry.ResultsWe observed that EGCG inhibited in a dose-dependent manner both the planktonic growth and the biofilm formation of S. mutans. Significant reduction of S. mutans biofilm formation, DNA content, and EPS production was observed at 2.2-4.4 mg/ml EGCG. EGCG reduced the expression of gtfB, gtfC and ftf genes involved in EPS production, and the nox and sodA genes involved in the protection against oxidative stress. Moreover, EGCG caused an immediate change in membrane potential.ConclusionsEGCG, a natural polyphenol, has a significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans dental biofilm formation and EPS production, and thus might be a potential drug in preventing dental caries.

| S-EPMC8444437 | biostudies-literature

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