Mattering Mediates Between Fairness and Well-being.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Scarpa MP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8630584 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In this study, we aim at clarifying the role of economic inequality on the subjective well-being of individuals. For this purpose, we use more than 180,000 individuals from 51 countries in the most recent five waves (1990-2014) of the World Values Survey. We observe a significant tradeoff between life satisfaction, happiness and the Gini coefficient. Also, inequality is negatively associated with life satisfaction and happiness for lower-income groups as well as higher-income groups. Interestingly, our data also shows large scale embracement of inequality in self-reported attitudes as even almost half (49%) of the lower-income group support the statement that some inequality is necessary for sustaining individual effort. Perceived freedom, and perceived social mobility partially mediates the relationship between the Gini coefficient and subjective wellbeing indicators. Yet, there remains a substantial negative effect of inequality on subjective well-being. Nevertheless, when individuals' perception of fairness is included, the effect of inequality disappears for both higher-income and lower-income groups. Overall, our findings suggest that people are bothered by inequality primarily due to fairness concerns.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02711-w.
| S-EPMC8122217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo better understand the functionality of job crafting and its relationship with personality and job autonomy in the context of non-Western health care as an adaptive problem-solving work behaviour that is related to creativity.BackgroundJob crafting could be a strategy nurses use to solve problems as health care organisations become more unpredictable.MethodsThis cross-sectional study sampled 547 nurses from seven hospitals in Lebanon. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsThe job crafting dimensions of increasing structural job resources and increasing challenging job demands partially mediated the relationship between creativity and subjective well-being, and they fully mediated the relationship between job autonomy and subjective well-being. Creativity, job autonomy, and agreeableness were related to the approach job crafting dimensions, and two of these job crafting dimensions were in turn related to subjective well-being.ConclusionCreative nurses tend to job craft more and this is associated with their subjective well-being. Nurses high on extraversion and emotional stability experienced higher subjective well-being.Implications for nursing managementNursing administration and leaders may want to create an environment fostering creativity and encouraging approach-oriented job crafting.
| S-EPMC8596648 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Depressive symptoms have been associated with myocardial ischemia induced by mental (MSIMI) and exercise (ESIMI) stress in clinically stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, but the association between positive emotions and inducible ischemia is less well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between ratings of well-being and stress-induced ischemia.Subjects were adult patients with documented IHD underwent mental and exercise stress testing for the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment (REMIT) trial. The General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS), with higher scores reflecting greater subjective well-being, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were obtained from the REMIT participants. Echocardiography was used to measure ischemic responses to mental stress and Bruce protocol treadmill exercise testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, resting left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and resting wall motion score index, as well as health-related behaviors.GWBS scores were obtained for 210 individuals, with MSIMI present in 92 (43.8%) and ESIMI present in 64 (30.5%). There was a significant inverse correlation between GWBS-PE (Positive Emotion subscale) scores and probability of ESIMI (OR=0.55 (95%CI 0.36-0.83), p=0.005). This association persisted after additional control for CESD subscales measuring negative and positive emotions and for variables reflecting health-related behaviors. A similar inverse correlation between GWBS-PE and MSIMI was observed, but did not reach statistical significance (OR=0.81 (95%CI 0.54-1.20), p=0.28).This is, to our knowledge, the first study demonstrating that greater levels of self-reported positive emotions are associated with a lower likelihood of ESIMI among patients with known IHD. Our results highlight the important interface functions of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and underscore areas for future investigation.
| S-EPMC6044283 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is a rapidly increasing trend in media-media multitasking or MMM (using two or more media concurrently). In a recent conference, scholars from diverse disciplines expressed concerns that indulgence in MMM may compromise well-being and/or cognitive abilities. However, research on MMM's impacts is too sparse to inform the general public and policy makers whether MMM should be encouraged, managed, or minimized. The primary purpose of the present study was to develop an innovative computerized instrument--the Survey of the Previous Day (SPD)--to quantify MMM as well as media-nonmedia and nonmedia-nonmedia multitasking and sole-tasking. The secondary purpose was to examine whether these indices could predict a sample of well-being related, psychosocial measures. In the SPD, participants first recalled (typed) what they did during each hour of the previous day. In later parts of the SPD, participants analysed activities and their timing and duration for each hour of the previous day, while relevant recall was on display. Participants also completed the Media Use Questionnaire. The results showed non-significant relationship between tasking measures and well-being related measures. Given how little is known about the associations between MMM and well-being, the null results may offer some general reassurance to those who are apprehensive about negative impacts of MMM.
| S-EPMC3655149 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To examine sleep latency and sleep disturbance as mediators between nighttime cell phone use variables (cell phone use for unstructured leisure activities and for accessing emotionally charged media content before sleep: CPU_BeforeBed and CPU_Arousal) and psychological well-being (PWB) of college students. 521 (74% female) undergraduate students from a large public university were surveyed using a validated self-report quantitative questionnaire assessing CPU variables, sleep quality, and PWB. Pearson correlation analyses were used to compute the correlation between CPU_BeforeBed, CPU_Arousal, sleep latency, and sleep disturbance. Ordinary least-squares regressions were conducted to assess the estimates of the relationships within the models. One-way ANOVA was used to see the difference between the groups. The partial eta squared was used to determine the effect size between the groups. The PROCESS method was used to perform mediation analyses. The sample consisted of undergraduate students between 18 and 29 years old, with an average age of 20 years (SD = 3.18). The sample was diverse in terms of ethnicity (49% Caucasian, 24% Latinx, 19% Asian, 3% African American, 1% Native American, 3% identified as "other") and the number of years the participants had been attending a 2 year or 4 year higher institution (38% incoming freshman, 19% sophomore, 17% junior, 14% senior, and 13% returning senior). The correlation between CPU_BeforeBed and PWB (α = - 0.044, p = 0.615), and the correlation between CPU_Arousal and PWB (α = - 0.061, p = 0.228) were not statistically significant. However, the correlation between sleep latency and PWB (α = - 0.140, p = 0.001), and the correlation between sleep disturbance and PWB (α = - 0.121, p = 0.005) were statistically significant. The mediation effect of sleep latency on the association between CPU_BeforeBed and PWB (Effect = - 0.0325, SE = 0.0145, p < 0.05), and the mediation effect of sleep disturbance on the association between CPU_Arousal and PWB (Effect = - 0.0214, SE = 0.0086, p < 0.05) were statistically significant. Sleep latency and sleep disturbance act as a mediator on the association between CPU_BeforeBed and PWB, and the association between CPU_Arousal and PWB. However, CPU_BeforeBed and CPU_Arousal did not have a direct impact on their PWB. These findings may help college students in regulating CPU habits before going to bed. These findings may also help medical practitioners make informed decisions about the use of cell phones for patients with sleep-related disorders.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-022-00388-3.
| S-EPMC9027024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Empirical evidence and conventional wisdom suggest that family dinners are associated with positive outcomes for youth. Recent research using fixed-effects models as a more stringent test of causality suggests a more limited role of family meals in protecting children from risk. Estimates of average effects, however, may mask important variation in the link between family meals and well-being; in particular, family meals may be more or less helpful based on the quality of family relationships. Using 2 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 17,977), this study extended recent work to find that family dinners have little benefit when parent-child relationships are weak but contribute to fewer depressive symptoms and less delinquency among adolescents when family relationships are strong. The findings highlight the importance of attending to variation when assessing what helps and what hurts in families.
| S-EPMC3916153 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11206277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Activities and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) have been shown to be intricately related to each other. However, no research to date has shown whether individuals understand how their everyday activities relate to their SWB. Furthermore, the assessment of activities has been limited to predefined types of activities and/or closed-ended questions. In two studies, we examine the relationship between self-reported everyday activities and SWB, while allowing individuals to express their activities freely by allowing open-ended responses that were then analyzed with state-of-the-art (transformers-based) Natural Language Processing. In study 1 (N = 284), self-reports of Yesterday's Activities did not significantly relate to SWB, whereas activities reported as having the most impact on SWB in the past four weeks had small but significant correlations to most of the SWB scales (r = .14 -.23, p < .05). In Study 2 (N = 295), individuals showed strong agreement with each other about activities that they considered to increase or decrease SWB (AUC = .995). Words describing activities that increased SWB related to physically and cognitively active activities and social activities ("football", "meditation", "friends"), whereas words describing activities that decreased SWB were mainly activity features related to imbalance ("too", "much", "enough"). Individuals reported both activities and descriptive words that reflect their SWB, where the activity words had generally small but significant correlations to SWB (r =. 17 -.33, p < .05) and the descriptive words had generally strong correlations to SWB (r = .39-63, p < .001). We call this correlational gap the well-being/activity description gap and discuss possible explanations for the phenomenon.
| S-EPMC9232132 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Environmental volunteering can increase well-being, but environmental volunteer well-being has rarely been compared to participant well-being associated with other types of volunteering or nature-based activities. This paper aims to use a multidimensional approach to well-being to explore the immediately experienced and later remembered well-being of environmental volunteers and to compare this to the increased well-being of participants in other types of nature-based activities and volunteering. Furthermore, it aims to compare volunteer managers' perceptions of their volunteers' well-being with the self-reported well-being of the volunteers. Methods: Onsite surveys were conducted of practical conservation and biodiversity monitoring volunteers, as well as their control groups (walkers and fieldwork students, respectively), to measure general well-being before their nature-based activity and activity-related well-being immediately after their activity. Online surveys of current, former and potential volunteers and volunteer managers measured remembered volunteering-related well-being and managers' perceptions of their volunteers' well-being. Data were analysed based on Seligman's multidimensional PERMA ('positive emotion', 'engagement', 'positive relationship', 'meaning', 'achievement') model of well-being. Factor analysis recovered three of the five PERMA elements, 'engagement', 'relationship' and 'meaning', as well as 'negative emotion' and 'health' as factors. Results: Environmental volunteering significantly improved positive elements and significantly decreased negative elements of participants' immediate well-being, and it did so more than walking or student fieldwork. Even remembering their volunteering up to six months later, volunteers rated their volunteering-related well-being higher than volunteers rated their well-being generally in life. However, volunteering was not found to have an effect on overall mean well-being generally in life. Volunteer managers did not perceive the significant increase in well-being that volunteers reported. Conclusions: This study showed how environmental volunteering immediately improved participants' well-being, even more than other nature-based activities. It highlights the benefit of regarding well-being as a multidimensional construct to more systematically understand, support and enhance volunteer well-being.
| S-EPMC5288684 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fredrickson et al. [Fredrickson BL, et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(33):13684-13689] claimed to have observed significant differences in gene expression related to hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions of well-being. Having closely examined both their claims and their data, we draw substantially different conclusions. After identifying some important conceptual and methodological flaws in their argument, we report the results of a series of reanalyses of their dataset. We first applied a variety of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques to their self-reported well-being data. A number of plausible factor solutions emerged, but none of these corresponded to Fredrickson et al.'s claimed hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions. We next examined the regression analyses that purportedly yielded distinct differential profiles of gene expression associated with the two well-being dimensions. Using the best-fitting two-factor solution that we identified, we obtained effects almost twice as large as those found by Fredrickson et al. using their questionable hedonic and eudaimonic factors. Next, we conducted regression analyses for all possible two-factor solutions of the psychometric data; we found that 69.2% of these gave statistically significant results for both factors, whereas only 0.25% would be expected to do so if the regression process was really able to identify independent differential gene expression effects. Finally, we replaced Fredrickson et al.'s psychometric data with random numbers and continued to find very large numbers of apparently statistically significant effects. We conclude that Fredrickson et al.'s widely publicized claims about the effects of different dimensions of well-being on health-related gene expression are merely artifacts of dubious analyses and erroneous methodology.
| S-EPMC4156729 | biostudies-literature