Spontaneous pneumothorax with coronavirus disease 2019 in non-ventilated patients: A single-center retrospective case series.
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ABSTRACT: Background
Pneumothorax is a rare complication of coronavirus disease 2019, and many of its associated factors are related to mechanical ventilation. We investigated the incidence and clinical features of patients with pneumothorax and coronavirus disease 2019 at a field hospital for patients who did not require intubation.Materials and methods
An isolated field hospital for COVID-19 patients who did not require ventilation was constructed. Patients who developed pneumothorax were extracted and reviewed retrospectively.Results
Between May 2020 and February 2021, 1061 patients were admitted to this field hospital. Among them, eight patients (0.75%, three men and four women) developed pneumothorax. The mean age at incidence was 79.9 (range: 20-96) years; all patients were over the age of 80 years, except one 20-year-old woman. Six of these eight patients (75%) died.Conclusion
Although pneumothorax is a rare complication of coronavirus disease-2019, it is predictive of a poor prognosis in older-adult patients.
SUBMITTER: Kawachi J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8641432 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may result in hypoxic respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. Barotrauma is a well-documented complication of mechanical ventilation.ObjectiveTo describe the presentation, characteristics, and management of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 who developed barotrauma.MethodsRetrospective case series study of 13 adult, mechanically ventilated, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients admitted between 3/15/2020 and 4/14/2020 to a community hospital in New York City. Patient demographics, clinical course, ventilatory parameters, and radiographic results were obtained from electronic medical records. Barotrauma was defined as pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and or pneumothorax on chest X-ray. Descriptive analyses and Mann-Whitney U test were performed, where appropriate.ResultsOf the 574 COVID-19 positive patients, 139 (24.2%) needed mechanical ventilation and 13 (9.4%) of those developed barotrauma. Majority of patients were Black race (92.3%), older than age 65 (56.8%), male (69.2%), and had comorbidities (76.9%). Most common presenting symptoms were cough (84.6%) and dyspnea (76.9%). Barotrauma presentations included 3/13 pneumothoraces and pneumomediastinum, 12/13 pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, and 1/13 pneumothorax alone. The average days on ventilator was 3.4, average positive expiratory-end pressure 15.5 cmH2O, dynamic compliance 33.8 mL/cmH2O, and P/F ratio 165. Interventions were 4/13 chest tubes and 2/13 pigtail catheters.ConclusionsBarotrauma is a common complication of mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients. Despite high ventilatory pressures, tension pneumothorax is rare and barotrauma could potentially be managed conservatively. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indication and outcome of thoracostomies and conservative management.
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Project description:The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.1 The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic by March 2020.1 The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a current global health emergency. Clinical information about the findings of COVID-19 and its associated complications are constantly evolving and becoming more widely available. Providers should be familiar with both typical symptoms and image study results for COVID-19 as well as less commonly reported complications of progressive COVID-19, such as spontaneous pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as highlighted in this case.
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Project description:Objectives: Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are associated with high mortality in invasively ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; however, the mortality rates among non-intubated patients remain unknown. We aimed to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19-associated pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum in non-intubated patients and identify risk factors for mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed Scopus and Embase from January 2020 to December 2021. We performed a pooled analysis of 151 patients with no invasive mechanical ventilation history from 17 case series and 87 case reports. Subsequently, we developed a novel scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality; the system was further validated in multinational cohorts from ten countries (n = 133). Results: Clinical scenarios included pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum at presentation (n = 68), pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum onset during hospitalization (n = 65), and pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum development after recent COVID-19 treatment (n = 18). Significant differences were not observed in clinical outcomes between patients with pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax (±pneumomediastinum). The overall mortality rate of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum was 23.2%. Risk factor analysis revealed that comorbidities bilateral pneumothorax and fever at pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum presentation were predictors for mortality. In the new scoring system, i.e., the CoBiF system, the area under the curve which was used to assess the predictability of mortality was 0.887. External validation results were also promising (area under the curve: 0.709). Conclusions: The presence of comorbidity bilateral pneumothorax and fever on presentation are significantly associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum. The CoBiF score can predict mortality in clinical settings as well as simplify the identification and appropriate management of patients at high risk.
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Project description:BackgroundNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the peak of the outbreak in Wuhan (January and February), there are two types of COVID-19 patients: laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis. This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes and characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients to determine whether they are of the same type and require equal treatment. More importantly, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 patients are explored.MethodsA total of 194 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively studied. Demographic data, clinical characteristcs, laboratory results and prognostic information were collected by electronic medical record system and analyzed.ResultsAmong 194 subjects included, 173 were confirmed and 21 were clinically diagnosed. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes (mortality rate 39[22.54%] vs 7[33.33%], P = 0.272) and hospital stay (19.00 vs 16.90 days, P = 0.411) between the confirmed and clinically diagnosed group, and prognostic factors were similar between them. Older age, lower albumin levels, higher serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, higher D-D levels, longer prothrombin time (PT), higher IL-6 levels, lower T cells indicated poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. NK cell has the highest AUC among all measured indicators (NK AUC = 0.926, P < 0.001).ConclusionLaboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients are similar in clinical outcomes and most clinical characteristics. They are of the same type and require equal treatment. Age, AST, LDH, BUN, PT, D-D, IL6, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, T cell and T cell subset counts can efficiently predict clinical outcomes.
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Project description:BackgroundNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the peak of the outbreak in Wuhan (January and February), there are two types of COVID-19 patients: laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis. This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes and characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients to determine whether they are of the same type and require equal treatment. More importantly, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 patients are explored.MethodsA total of 194 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively studied. Demographic data, clinical characteristcs, laboratory results and prognostic information were collected by electronic medical record system and analyzed.ResultsAmong 194 subjects included, 173 were confirmed and 21 were clinically diagnosed. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes (mortality rate 39[22.54%] vs 7[33.33%], P=0.272) and hospital stay (19.00 vs 16.90 days, P=0.411) between the confirmed and clinically diagnosed group, and prognostic factors were similar between them. Older age, lower albumin levels, higher serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, higher D-D levels, longer prothrombin time (PT), higher IL-6 levels, lower T cells indicated poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. NK cell has the highest AUC among all measured indicators (NK AUC=0.926, P<0.001).ConclusionLaboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients are similar in clinical outcomes and most clinical characteristics. They are of the same type and require equal treatment. Age, AST, LDH, BUN, PT, D-D, IL6, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, T cell and T cell subset counts can efficiently predict clinical outcomes.
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Project description:AimPneumothorax (PNX), pneumomediastinum (PMD) and subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) are COVID-19 complications related to positive-pressure ventilation. We analyzed the pathophysiology of these complications without ventilation.Patients & methodsOut of 1845 admitted COVID-19 patients, we retrospectively collected data for 15 patients, from a tertiary medical center, from 1 October 2020 to 31 March 2021.ResultsFive patients suffered from spontaneous PNX, 8/15 developed PMD and 8/15 developed SCE. The mean BMI was 29.7, as most patients were obese or overweight. Most patients had lymphocytopenia and increased C-reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Eleven patients succumbed to the disease.ConclusionRisk factors of spontaneous PNX, PMD and SCE in COVID-19 patients need further investigations by conducting more comprehensive case-control studies.
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