Impact of processing method on selected trace elements content of green tea: Does CTC green tea infusion possess risk towards human health?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Deka H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8645460 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The present study compares the effects of two green tea processing techniques, viz. orthodox and CTC (curl, tear and crush) on the quality parameters and sensory profiles under the geographical and climatic conditions of Assam, India. The results showed that CTC green tea infusions had 13.3, 7.5, 7.1, 9.8, 5.4, 17.3, 17.1 and 18.6% more total polyphenol, total catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin (EC), water extract and theanine level, respectively than the infusions prepared from orthodox green tea. The sensory evaluation preferred the orthodox over CTC processing mode. Risk assessment with daily consumption of five cups (10 g) of green tea reveals that the EGCG level is free from the risk of hepatotoxicity and caffeine will not inflict any health hazard.
| S-EPMC9056637 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCoronary artery diseases are multifactorial, and over the last several decades particular consideration and research have been devoted to investigating the imbalance of patient elemental levels. Our current study aimed to investigate the comparative distribution of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb in the blood of coronary artery disease patients and healthy subjects.MethodsBlood samples collected from both groups were digested into a HNO3-HCLO4 (10:1 v/v) mixture in a microwave oven, followed by quantification of the elements by atomic absorption spectrometry.ResultsThe average levels of Pb and Cr were markedly higher (p < 0.001) while those of Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn were moderately higher (p < 0.05) in blood of the patients compared to the controls. However, correlation study showed divergent relationships between various elements in the blood of both groups. Multivariate cluster analysis revealed two major clusters of the elements for patients: Ca-Mg-Mn-Co-Cd and Pb-Cu-Fe-Zn-Cr; whereas three common groups were observed for controls: Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu, Cr-Mn-Fe and Co-Cd-Pb. Variations in the elemental levels were also observed to be associated with gender, habitat, food and smoking habits of the subjects.ConclusionsOverall, the distribution, correlation and apportionment of elemental data indicated an imbalance of the toxic/essential elements in blood of the patients compared to the controls.Key wordsAAS; Blood; Cluster analysis; Coronary artery disease; Essential/toxic element.
| S-EPMC4804977 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Green tea presents catechins as its major components and it has a potential antioxidant activity. Cyclophosmamide (CP) is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent, known to reduce fertility. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of green tea infusion on cyclophosphamide-induced damage in male mice reproductive system. Mice received green tea infusion (250 mg/kg) or vehicle by gavage for 14 days. Saline or CP were injected intraperitoneally at a single dose (100 mg/kg) at the 14th day. Animals were euthanized 24 h after CP administration and testes and epididymis were removed for biochemical analysis and sperm evaluation. Catechins concentration in green tea infusion was evaluated by HPLC. CP increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and superoxide dismutase activity whereas sperm concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 17?-hydroxysteroid (17?-HSD) dehydrogenase activities were reduced in both tissues tested. Catalase activity and protein carbonyl levels were changed only in testes, after CP administration. Green tea pre-treatment reduced significantly lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and restored GPx and GST activity in testes. In epididymis, therapy significantly increased sperm concentration and restored GPx and 17?-HSD activity. Green tea improves CP-induced damage on reproductive system, probably due to their high catechins content.
| S-EPMC5598363 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study deals with swelling and infusion kinetics of tea granules in tea bags. The swelling and infusion kinetics of tea bags differing in tea loading and tea bag shapes were compared with loose tea. Increment in temperature and dipping frequency of tea bag in hot water increased the infusion kinetics of tea bags. Reduction in particle size enhanced the swelling and infusion kinetics of tea in a tea bag. The effects of tea particle size, tea bag dipping rate, loading of tea granules in tea bag and tea bag shapes on infusion kinetics were investigated. Increase in tea loading in tea bags resulted in reduced infusion kinetics. Double chambered tea bag showed the highest swelling (30%) and infusion kinetics (8.30% Gallic acid equivalence) while single chambered tea bags showed the lowest kinetics, amongst the various bags studied. The swelling and infusion kinetics of loose tea was always faster and higher than that of tea bags. It was found that overall effect of percentage filling of tea granules and height of tea bed in a tea bag affects tea infusion kinetics the most. Weibull model was found to be in good agreement with the swelling data.
| S-EPMC5502043 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.
| S-EPMC8229914 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The quality and safety of agricultural products from metal mining areas are of wide concern. In order to investigate the contents and health risks of trace elements in fruit vegetables planted in metal mining areas, 440 samples of fruit vegetables from 117 vegetable plots were collected from Tongling mining area. Trace element contents in fruit vegetables and soil were measured. The results indicated that the total concentration of trace elements in some of the soil samples exceeded the Grade II national standard in China. Transfer factor (TF) of Cd was the highest (8.360), followed by Zn, Cu, As, and Pb. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of the trace elements, except Cd, were generally below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Zn for children was more than 1 in some vegetables, suggesting potential health hazards for child population. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of Cu and Zn were also more than 1 through consumption of all vegetables, indicating significant health risks. For both adults and children, hazard index (HI) was more than 1 for the consumption of vegetables. The findings reveal the health risks associated with the consumption of trace elements through the intake of selected vegetables in the population of Tongling.
| S-EPMC5858271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Royal jelly (RJ) is commercially harvested after the 4th day of queen larval age. In the current study, it was harvested after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after grafting of 1-day larval age queens to investigate changes in macro and trace elements associated with harvesting time. The RJ yields were significantly affected by harvest time, and the highest yield was obtained 72 hours after grafting. The highest phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) contents were obtained from RJ harvested 24 hours after grafting. Royal jelly harvested 48 hours after grafting had the highest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Likewise, RJ harvested 96 hours after grafting had higher concentrations of copper (Cu). Royal jelly harvested 72 hours after grafting showed the second rank for P, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations. In descending order, P, Mg, Ca, and K were the most dominant elements in RJ harvested at different times after grafting. The Mg, Ca, K, Na, Cu, and Mn concentrations in RJ were all positively correlated, and P, Fe, and Zn were positively correlated. The P and Zn were negatively correlated with Ca, Cu, and Mn. It was concluded that macro and trace element contents in RJ can differ depending on the harvest time after grafting. We recommend harvesting RJ at 72 hours after grafting for possible use as healthy nutritional human food supplement.
| S-EPMC7478805 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Our objective was to elucidate the effects of tea consumption on refreshment and stress reduction/recovery through examining the multiple associations among factors such as various physiological responses and task performance. Participants included 20 healthy young men who performed a mental arithmetic task while 11 physiological responses were measured. The experiments were conducted twice under different beverage consumption conditions on separate days. The mental arithmetic task was executed six times in 1 day; participants ingested hot water, green tea, or roasted green tea (hojicha) before each task. Several subjective assessments: subjective fatigue, stress, mental workload, and flow were evaluated after each task. The R-R intervals, heart rate variability spectral components, the Poincaré plot indices (SD1 and SD2) and plethysmogram amplitude tended to decrease during task periods compared to resting periods. Tissue blood volume/flow (TBV, TBF) and near-infrared spectroscopy responses (NIRS) were lower in the tea condition than in the hot water condition. By scrutinizing various indicators, we found that aromatic stimulation of Japanese tea beverages has the potential to induce positive effects, enhance mental task performance, promote refreshment, and alleviate feelings of fatigue. These positive effects were observed even in small quantities and within a short duration, mirroring responses observed in daily consumption.
| S-EPMC11016062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bancha is a popular type of green tea in Japan, rich in tea polyphenols (TPs) and has a more astringent aroma with a less aromatic and strong character that complements functional foods. The blanching process is used to extract TPs and remove unwanted microorganisms, as well as inhibit phenolic oxidation. This study proposed a green tea blanching process followed by spray drying the extracts with maltodextrin. Furthermore, it is focused on maximizing the major chemical components of green tea (i.e., catechins, caffeine, and phenolic contents) based on powder particle size obtained through Multiple Response Surface Methodology optimizations. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts leached-spray dried green tea's total catechin and caffeine content, with a coefficient of 0.9475 and 0.8692, respectively. This process yielded composite desirability of 0.9751, while individual desirability yielded excellent results of 1.0000, 0.9188, 1.0000, and 0.9839 for catechin, caffeine, phenol content, and powder. The settings appear to yield functional results for entire responses. Due to the concerns in tropical skin nutrition applications, smaller particle size green tea can promote better adsorption than larger sizes.
| S-EPMC9734194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlations of the serum concentrations of copper, zinc, and manganese with lipid profile parameters of adult men in Mosul City, Iraq. METHODS: The study included 51 apparently healthy adult men as a control group aged 34-62 years (group 1), and 31 hyperlipidemic patients aged 37-60 years (group 2). Trace elements copper, zinc and manganese were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined using enzymatic method. Indirect serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated via the Friedewald formula. Data were evaluated as mean and standard deviation by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. RESULTS: The results indicated that there is a significant lower level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic patients compared with the control group, while copper and manganese showed no significant differences between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was found between serum zinc and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and low/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; while a significant positive correlation was found between serum zinc and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, a significant positive correlation between copper and triglyceride existed in the patient group, while the control group showed no such correlation. CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia may possibly be related to a decrease in the level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic adult men. The data also supports the concept that zinc supplementation might be useful in improving metabolic complications in subjects with hyperlipidemia.
| S-EPMC3464753 | biostudies-other