Huoxin pill prevents acute myocardial ischaemia injury via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8650034 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). High phosphate induces a phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteogenic-like cells. This study was aimed to evaluate signaling pathways involved during VSMC differentiation of MSC in presence or not of high phosphate.ResultsOur results showed that TGF-β induced nuclear translocation of Smad3 as well as the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers, such as smooth muscle alpha actin, SM22α, myocardin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain. The addition of high phosphate to MSC promoted nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8 and the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin in addition to an increase in BMP-2 expression, calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. The administration of TGF-β to MSC treated with high phosphate abolished all these effects by inhibiting canonical Wnt, BMP and TGF-β pathways. A similar outcome was observed in high phosphate-treated cells after the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling with Dkk-1. Conversely, addition of both Wnt/β-catenin activators CHIR98014 and lithium chloride enhanced the effect of high phosphate on BMP-2, calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity.ConclusionsFull VSMC differentiation induced by TGF-β may not be achieved when extracellular phosphate levels are high. Moreover, TGF-β prevents high phosphate-induced osteogenesis by decreasing the nuclear translocation of Smad 1/5/8 and avoiding the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
| S-EPMC3937350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration has been considered as one of important factors related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Previous researches have showed that Rac1 played a pivotal role in chondrocyte differentiation. However, the effect of Rac1 during the process of CEP degeneration remains unclear. Herein, we explored the effect of Rac1 on CEP degeneration and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. We found expression of Rac1-GTP increased in human-degenerated CEP tissue and IL-1β-stimulated rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs). Our study revealed that Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 treatment promoted the expression of collagen II, aggrecan and Sox-9, and decreased the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in IL-1β-stimulated rat EPCs. Moreover, we also found that NSC23766 could suppress the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rac1 inhibition in EPCs are mediated through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Besides, puncture-induced rats models showed that NSC23766 played a protective role on CEP and disc degeneration. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Rac1 inhibition delayed the EPCs degeneration and its potential mechanism may be associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulation, which may help us better understand the association between Rac1 and CEP degeneration and provide a promising strategy for delaying the progression of IVDD.
| S-EPMC7131937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe serum levels of sclerostin (SOST) are significant elevated in patients with pathological cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanisms of SOST in cardiac remodeling remain largely uncharacterized.MethodsCollecting patients with MI who presented with or without left ventricular (LV) remodeling, we investigated differences in SOST expression. The influence of overexpression and silenced of SOST on the angiogenesis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) was explored through in vitro experiments, and the impact of SOST on Wnt signaling marker proteins was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Finally, we observed the effects of SOST on cardiac function and morphology in mice MI model, and verified the role of the Wnt signaling marker proteins in vivo.ResultsSerum SOST was significantly increased in patients with cardiac remodeling. Increased SOST expression was also observed in the infarcted hearts of C57BL/6 mice that underwent ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery to induce MI. Furthermore, loss and gain of function experiments were conducted to investigate the role of SOST in post-infarct cardiac remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of SOST promoted the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and inhibited angiogenesis of CMECs. In addition, overexpressing SOST in mice significantly deteriorated the post-infarct cardiac remodeling, as shown by the increased LV end systolic and end diastolic dimensions, decreased ejection fraction, and increased myocyte cross-section area and myocardial fibrosis. However, suppressing SOST expression showed the opposite results. The expression of Wnt signaling marker proteins was inhibited after overexpression of SOST, and enhanced after suppression of SOST in vivo and in vitro, suggesting involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that SOST aggravates post-infarct pathological myocardial remodeling by inhibiting angiogenesis of CMECs while promoting the proliferation of CFs, and this may be mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway. These results suggested that SOST might act as a biomarker to predict detrimental postinfarct cardiac remodeling, and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MI.
| S-EPMC9186236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is commonly overexpressed in cancers and is implicated in the development of chemoresistance. The use of drugs inhibiting MGMT has been hindered by their haematologic toxicity and inefficiency. As a different strategy to inhibit MGMT we investigated cellular regulators of MGMT expression in multiple cancers. Here we show a significant correlation between Wnt signalling and MGMT expression in cancers with different origin and confirm the findings by bioinformatic analysis and immunofluorescence. We demonstrate Wnt-dependent MGMT gene expression and cellular co-localization between active ?-catenin and MGMT. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Wnt activity downregulates MGMT expression and restores chemosensitivity of DNA-alkylating drugs in mouse models. These findings have potential therapeutic implications for chemoresistant cancers, especially of brain tumours where the use of temozolomide is frequently used in treatment.
| S-EPMC4674781 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Podocyte injury is the major cause of proteinuria in primary glomerular diseases. Oxidative stress has long been thought to play a role in triggering podocyte damage; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in mediating oxidative stress-induced podocyte dysfunction. Advanced oxidation protein products, a marker and trigger of oxidative stress, were increased in the serum of patients with chronic kidney disease and correlated with impaired glomerular filtration, proteinuria, and circulating level of Wnt1. Both serum from patients with chronic kidney disease and exogenous advanced oxidation protein products induced Wnt1 and Wnt7a expression, activated β-catenin, and reduced expression of podocyte-specific markers in vitro and in vivo. Blockade of Wnt signaling by Klotho or knockdown of β-catenin by shRNA in podocytes abolished β-catenin activation and the upregulation of fibronectin, desmin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and Snail1 triggered by advanced oxidation protein products. Furthermore, conditional knockout mice with podocyte-specific ablation of β-catenin were protected against podocyte injury and albuminuria after treatment with advanced oxidation protein products. The action of Wnt/β-catenin was dependent on the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated NADPH oxidase induction, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB activation. These studies uncover a novel mechanistic linkage of oxidative stress, Wnt/β-catenin activation, and podocyte dysfunction.
| S-EPMC6431566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in mediating hypertension, chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. As Wnt/β-catenin regulates multiple RAS genes, we speculated that this developmental signaling pathway might also participate in blood pressure (BP) regulation. To test this, we utilized two rat models of experimental hypertension: chronic angiotensin II infusion and remnant kidney after 5/6 nephrectomy. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin by ICG-001 blunted angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Interestingly, angiotensin II was able to induce the expression of multiple Wnt genes in vivo and in vitro, thereby creating a vicious cycle between Wnt/β-catenin and RAS activation. In the remnant kidney model, renal β-catenin was upregulated, and delayed administration of ICG-001 also blunted BP elevation and abolished the induction of angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. ICG-001 also reduced albuminuria, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and inhibited renal expression of fibronectin, collagen I and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and suppressed the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. In vitro, incubation with losartan prevented Wnt/β-catenin-mediated fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin and Snail1 expression, suggesting that the fibrogenic action of Wnt/β-catenin is dependent on RAS activation. Taken together, these results suggest an intrinsic linkage of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with BP regulation. Our studies also demonstrate that hyperactive Wnt/β-catenin can drive hypertension and kidney damage via RAS activation.
| S-EPMC6502648 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury attenuates the beneficial effects of reperfusion therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is overactivated during myocardial I/R injury. Mitophagy plays a critical role in the development of myocardial I/R injury. However, the effect of PARP activation on mitophagy in cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that I/R induced PARP activation and mitophagy in mouse hearts. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reduced the infarct size and suppressed mitophagy after myocardial I/R injury. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) activated PARP, promoted mitophagy and induced cell apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition suppressed H/R-induced mitophagy and cell apoptosis. Parkin knockdown with lentivirus vectors inhibited mitophagy and prevented cell apoptosis in H/R-treated cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition prevented the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Cyclosporin A maintained ΔΨm and suppressed mitophagy but FCCP reduced the effect of PARP inhibition on ΔΨm and promoted mitophagy, indicating the critical role of ΔΨm in H/R-induced mitophagy. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of CypD and TSPO might contribute to the regulation of ΔΨm by PARP. Our findings thus suggest that PARP inhibition protects against I/R-induced cell apoptosis by suppressing excessive mitophagy via the ΔΨm/Parkin pathway.
| S-EPMC6787458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeMitochondria-derived oxidative stress is believed to be crucially involved in cardiac ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, although currently no therapies exist that specifically target mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential effects of the structural analogues of apelin-12, an adipocyte-derived peptide, on mitochondrial ROS generation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and metabolic and functional recovery to myocardial I/R injury.Experimental approachIn cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts and adult cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress was induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 35 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Apelin-12, apelin-13 and structural apelin-12 analogues, AI and AII, were infused during 5 min prior to ischaemia.Key resultsIn cardiac cells, mitochondrial ROS production was inhibited by the structural analogues of apelin, AI and AII, in comparison with the natural peptides, apelin-12 and apelin-13. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with AI and AII decreased cell apoptosis concentration-dependently. In a rat model of I/R injury, pre-ischaemic infusion of AI and AII markedly reduced ROS formation in the myocardial effluent and attenuated cell membrane damage. Prevention of oxidative damage by AI and AII was associated with the improvement of functional and metabolic recovery after I/R in the heart.Conclusions and implicationsThese data provide the evidence for the potential of the structural apelin analogues in selective reduction of mitochondrial ROS generation and myocardial apoptosis and form the basis for a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of oxidative stress-related heart disease.
| S-EPMC4459014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the liver, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in regulating zonation and hepatocyte proliferation during homeostasis. We examined Wnt gene expression and signaling after injury, and we show by in situ hybridization that Wnts are activated by acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) toxicity. Following injury, peri-injury hepatocytes become Wnt-responsive, expressing the Wnt target gene axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2). Lineage tracing of peri-injury Axin2+ hepatocytes shows that during recovery the injured parenchyma becomes repopulated and repaired by Axin2+ descendants. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that endothelial cells are the major source of Wnts following acute CCl4 toxicity. Induced loss of β-catenin in peri-injury hepatocytes results in delayed repair and ultimately injury-induced lethality, while loss of Wnt production from endothelial cells leads to a delay in the proliferative response after injury. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in restoring tissue integrity following acute liver toxicity and establish a role of endothelial cells as an important Wnt-producing regulator of liver tissue repair following localized liver injury.
| S-EPMC7043939 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Mishandling of intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration ([Cl-]i) in cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells is implicated in several pathological processes, including hyperplasia and remodeling. We investigated the effects of ClC-2-mediated Cl- efflux on the proliferation of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs) induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Methods:Cell proliferation and motility were determined using the CCK-8, bromodeoxyuridine staining, wound healing and invasion assays. ClC-2, PCNA, Ki67, survivin and cyclin D1 expression, and ?-catenin and GSK-3? phosphorylation were examined using western blotting. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and ?-SMA staining. Results:Our results showed that AngII-induced HBVSMC proliferation was accompanied by a decrease in [Cl-]i and an increase in ClC-2 expression. Inhibition of ClC-2 by siRNA prevented AngII from inducing the efflux of Cl-. AngII-induced HBVSMC proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly attenuated by ClC-2 downregulation. The inhibitory effects of ClC-2 knockout on HBVSMC proliferation and motility were associated with inactivation of the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway, as evidenced by inhibition of ?-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and decrease of GSK-3? phosphorylation and survivin and cyclin D1 expression. Recombinant Wnt3a treatment markedly reversed the effect of ClC-2 knockdown on HBVSMC viability. An in vivo study revealed that knockdown of ClC-2 with shRNA adenovirus ameliorated basilar artery remodeling by inhibiting Wnt/?-catenin signaling in AngII-treated mice. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that blocking ClC-2-mediated Cl- efflux inhibits AngII-induced cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting the Wnt/?-catenin pathway. Our data indicate that downregulation of ClC-2 may be a viable strategy in the prevention of hyperplasia and remodeling of cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.
| S-EPMC6022329 | biostudies-literature