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Surface-Modified and Unmodified Calcite: Effects of Water and Saturated Aqueous Octanoic Acid Droplets on Stability and Saturated Fatty Acid Layer Organization.

ABSTRACT: A profound understanding of the properties of unmodified and saturated fatty acid-modified calcite surfaces is essential for elucidating their resistance and stability in the presence of water droplets. Additional insights can be obtained by also studying the effects of carboxylic acid-saturated aqueous solutions. We elucidate surface wettability, structure, and nanomechanical properties beneath and at the edge of a deposited droplet after its evaporation. When calcite was coated by a highly packed monolayer of stearic acid, a hydrophilic region was found at the three-phase contact line. In atomic force microscopy mapping, this region is characterized by low adhesion and a topographical hillock. The surface that previously was covered by the droplet demonstrated a patchy structure of about 6 nm height, implying stearic acid reorganization into a patchy bilayer-like structure. Our data suggest that during droplet reverse dispensing and droplet evaporation, pinning of the three-phase contact line leads to the transport of dissolved fatty carboxylic acid and possibly calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO₃)₂ molecules to the contact line boundary. Compared to the surface of intrinsically hydrophobic materials, such as polystyrene, the changes in contact angle and base diameter during droplet evaporation on stearic acid-modified calcite are strikingly different. This difference is due to stearic acid reorganization on the surface and transport to the water-air interface of the droplet. An effect of the evaporating droplet is also observed on unmodified calcite due to dissolution and recrystallization of the calcite surface in the presence of water. In the case where a water droplet saturated with octanoic acid is used instead of water, the stearic acid-coated calcite remains considerably more stable. Our findings are discussed in terms of the coffee-ring effect.

SUBMITTER: Wojas NA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8656169 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada, genetically modified crops are considered safe if they are substantially equivalent to a conventional crop in regards to agronomic, physiological and compositional characteristics. A recurring issue in safety assessment of genetically modified crops is the paucity of analytical methods to detect unintended or unexpected outcomes of genetic modification. Traditional targeted compound comparative analyses are limited in scope and capacity to detect unintended changes in chemical composition. This study explored the potential of using microarray technology to assess the substantial equivalence of gene expression profiles between genetically modified and conventional soybean cultivars. Different pre processing methods were applied to the raw expression data from the arrays, and clustering methods were used to try and differentiate the genetically modified cultivars from the conventional cultivars. Results showed that more variation existed between different strains of conventional cultivars than between conventional and genetically modified cultivars. For more information, please see: Cheng, K.C., Beaulieu, J., Iquira, E., Belzile, F.J., Fortin, M.G. and StrÃ¶mvik, M.V. (2008). âEffect of transgenes on global gene expression in soybean is within the natural range of variation of their conventional counterparts.â Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (in press) Experiment Overall Design: Five samples (biological replicates) of total RNA from each of the five different soybean varieties were selected for hybridization to Affymetrix Soybean GeneChips, for a total of 25 chips (following total RNA integrity assessment). Spike controls B2, bio-B, bio-C, bio-D and Cre-x were added to each hybridization cocktail. Arrays were washed and stained in an Affymetrix Fluidics Station prior to scanning on the Affymetrix GeneChip Scanner 3000. Image acquisition and processing was done with the Affymetrix Microarray Analysis Suite 5.0.

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Surface-Modified and Unmodified Calcite: Effects of Water and Saturated Aqueous Octanoic Acid Droplets on Stability and Saturated Fatty Acid Layer Organization.

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