Machine Learning Algorithms to Distinguish Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Polar Maps.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: de Souza Filho EM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8660123 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A U-shaped contraction pattern was shown to be associated with a better Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. The main goal of this study is to automatically recognize left ventricular contractile patterns using machine learning algorithms trained on conventional quantitative features (ConQuaFea) and radiomic features extracted from Gated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (GSPECT MPI). Among 98 patients with standard resting GSPECT MPI included in this study, 29 received CRT therapy and 69 did not (also had CRT inclusion criteria but did not receive treatment yet at the time of data collection, or refused treatment). A total of 69 non-CRT patients were employed for training, and the 29 were employed for testing. The models were built utilizing features from three distinct feature sets (ConQuaFea, radiomics, and ConQuaFea + radiomics (combined)), which were chosen using Recursive feature elimination (RFE) feature selection (FS), and then trained using seven different machine learning (ML) classifiers. In addition, CRT outcome prediction was assessed by different treatment inclusion criteria as the study's final phase. The MLP classifier had the highest performance among ConQuaFea models (AUC, SEN, SPE = 0.80, 0.85, 0.76). RF achieved the best performance in terms of AUC, SEN, and SPE with values of 0.65, 0.62, and 0.68, respectively, among radiomic models. GB and RF approaches achieved the best AUC, SEN, and SPE values of 0.78, 0.92, and 0.63 and 0.74, 0.93, and 0.56, respectively, among the combined models. A promising outcome was obtained when using radiomic and ConQuaFea from GSPECT MPI to detect left ventricular contractile patterns by machine learning.
| S-EPMC10039187 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an essential tool used to diagnose and manage patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. Additionally, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) represents a milestone about individuals' data security concerns. On the other hand, Machine Learning (ML) has had several applications in the most diverse knowledge areas. It is conceived as a technology with huge potential to revolutionize health care. In this context, we developed ML models to evaluate their ability to distinguish an individual's sex from MPI assessment. We used 260 polar maps (140 men/120 women) to train ML algorithms from a database of patients referred to a university hospital for clinically indicated MPI from January 2016 to December 2018. We tested 07 different ML models, namely, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Adaptive Boosting (AB), Random Forests (RF) and, Gradient Boosting (GB). We used a cross-validation strategy. Our work demonstrated that ML algorithms could perform well in assessing the sex of patients undergoing myocardial scintigraphy exams. All the models had accuracy greater than 82%. However, only SVM achieved 90%. KNN, RF, AB, GB had, respectively, 88, 86, 85, 83%. Accuracy standard deviation was lower in KNN, AB, and RF (0.06). SVM and RF had had the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93), followed by GB (0.92), KNN (0.91), AB, and NB (0.9). SVM and AB achieved the best precision. Our results bring some challenges regarding the autonomy of patients who wish to keep sex information confidential and certainly add greater complexity to the debate about what data should be considered sensitive to the light of the GDPR.
| S-EPMC8585770 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsTo optimize per-vessel prediction of early coronary revascularization (ECR) within 90 days after fast single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using machine learning (ML) and introduce a method for a patient-specific explanation of ML results in a clinical setting.Methods and resultsA total of 1980 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent stress/rest 99mTc-sestamibi/tetrofosmin MPI with new-generation SPECT scanners were included. All patients had invasive coronary angiography within 6 months after SPECT MPI. ML utilized 18 clinical, 9 stress test, and 28 imaging variables to predict per-vessel and per-patient ECR with 10-fold cross-validation. Area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) of ML was compared with standard quantitative analysis [total perfusion deficit (TPD)] and expert interpretation. ECR was performed in 958 patients (48%). Per-vessel, the AUC of ECR prediction by ML (AUC 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.77, 0.80]) was higher than by regional stress TPD (0.71, [0.70, 0.73]), combined-view stress TPD (AUC 0.71, 95% CI [0.69, 0.72]), or ischaemic TPD (AUC 0.72, 95% CI [0.71, 0.74]), all P < 0.001. Per-patient, the AUC of ECR prediction by ML (AUC 0.81, 95% CI [0.79, 0.83]) was higher than that of stress TPD, combined-view TPD, and ischaemic TPD, all P < 0.001. ML also outperformed nuclear cardiologists' expert interpretation of MPI for the prediction of early revascularization performance. A method to explain ML prediction for an individual patient was also developed.ConclusionIn patients with suspected CAD, the prediction of ECR by ML outperformed automatic MPI quantitation by TPDs (per-vessel and per-patient) or nuclear cardiologists' expert interpretation (per-patient).
| S-EPMC7167744 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Precise definition of the mitral valve plane (VP) during segmentation of the left ventricle for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) quantification often requires manual adjustment, which affects the quantification of perfusion. We developed a machine learning approach using support vector machines (SVM) for automatic VP placement. Methods: A total of 392 consecutive patients undergoing 99mTc-tetrofosmin stress (5 min; mean ± SD, 350 ± 54 MBq) and rest (5 min; 1,024 ± 153 MBq) fast SPECT MPI attenuation corrected (AC) by CT and same-day coronary CT angiography were studied; included in the 392 patients were 48 patients who underwent invasive coronary angiography and had no known coronary artery disease. The left ventricle was segmented with standard clinical software (quantitative perfusion SPECT) by 2 experts, adjusting the VP if needed. Two-class SVM models were computed from the expert placements with 10-fold cross validation to separate the patients used for training and those used for validation. SVM probability estimates were used to compute the best VP position. Automatic VP localizations on AC and non-AC images were compared with expert placement on coronary CT angiography. Stress and rest total perfusion deficits and detection of per-vessel obstructive stenosis by invasive coronary angiography were also compared. Results: Bland-Altman 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VP localization by SVM and experts for AC stress images (bias, 1; 95% CI, -5 to 7 mm) and AC rest images (bias, 1; 95% CI, -7 to 10 mm) were narrower than interexpert 95% CIs for AC stress images (bias, 0; 95% CI, -8 to 8 mm) and AC rest images (bias, 0; 95% CI, -10 to 10 mm) (P < 0.01). Bland-Altman 95% CIs for VP localization by SVM and experts for non-AC stress images (bias, 1; 95% CI, -4 to 6 mm) and non-AC rest images (bias, 2; 95% CI, -7 to 10 mm) were similar to interexpert 95% CIs for non-AC stress images (bias, 0; 95% CI, -6 to 5 mm) and non-AC rest images (bias, -1; 95% CI, -9 to 7 mm) (P was not significant [NS]). For regional detection of obstructive stenosis, ischemic total perfusion deficit areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 2 experts (AUC, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.7-0.87]; AUC, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.73-0.89]) and the SVM (0.82 [0.74-0.9]) for AC data were the same (P = NS) and were higher than those for the unadjusted VP (0.63 [0.53-0.73]) (P < 0.01). Similarly, for non-AC data, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the experts (AUC, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69-0.89]; AUC, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.72-0.88]) and the SVM (0.79 [0.71-0.87]) were the same (P = NS) and were higher than those for the unadjusted VP (0.65 [0.56-0.75]) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Machine learning with SVM allows automatic and accurate VP localization, decreasing user dependence in SPECT MPI quantification.
| S-EPMC5450369 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundStress-only myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) markedly reduces radiation dose, scanning time, and cost. We developed an automated clinical algorithm to safely cancel unnecessary rest imaging with high sensitivity for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and resultsPatients without known CAD undergoing both MPI and invasive coronary angiography from REFINE SPECT were studied. A machine learning score (MLS) for prediction of obstructive CAD was generated using stress-only MPI and pre-test clinical variables. An MLS threshold with a pre-defined sensitivity of 95% was applied to the automated patient selection algorithm. Obstructive CAD was present in 1309/2079 (63%) patients. MLS had higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for prediction of CAD than reader diagnosis and TPD (0.84 vs 0.70 vs 0.78, P < .01). An MLS threshold of 0.29 had superior sensitivity than reader diagnosis and TPD for obstructive CAD (95% vs 87% vs 87%, P < .01) and high-risk CAD, defined as stenosis of the left main, proximal left anterior descending, or triple-vessel CAD (sensitivity 96% vs 89% vs 90%, P < .01).ConclusionsThe MLS is highly sensitive for prediction of both obstructive and high-risk CAD from stress-only MPI and can be applied to a stress-first protocol for automatic cancellation of unnecessary rest imaging.
| S-EPMC9020793 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of machine learning-based radiomics analysis to diagnose coronary artery disease status and risk from rest/stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A total of 395 patients suspicious of coronary artery disease who underwent 2-day stress-rest protocol MPI SPECT were enrolled in this study. The left ventricle myocardium, excluding the cardiac cavity, was manually delineated on rest and stress images to define a volume of interest. Added to clinical features (age, sex, family history, diabetes status, smoking, and ejection fraction), a total of 118 radiomics features, were extracted from rest and stress MPI SPECT images to establish different feature sets, including Rest-, Stress-, Delta-, and Combined-radiomics (all together) feature sets. The data were randomly divided into 80% and 20% subsets for training and testing, respectively. The performance of classifiers built from combinations of three feature selections, and nine machine learning algorithms was evaluated for two different diagnostic tasks, including 1) normal/abnormal (no CAD vs. CAD) classification, and 2) low-risk/high-risk CAD classification. Different metrics, including the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), and specificity (SPE), were reported for models' evaluation. Overall, models built on the Stress feature set (compared to other feature sets), and models to diagnose the second task (compared to task 1 models) revealed better performance. The Stress-mRMR-KNN (feature set-feature selection-classifier) reached the highest performance for task 1 with AUC, ACC, SEN, and SPE equal to 0.61, 0.63, 0.64, and 0.6, respectively. The Stress-Boruta-GB model achieved the highest performance for task 2 with AUC, ACC, SEN, and SPE of 0.79, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively. Diabetes status from the clinical feature family, and dependence count non-uniformity normalized, from the NGLDM family, which is representative of non-uniformity in the region of interest were the most frequently selected features from stress feature set for CAD risk classification. This study revealed promising results for CAD risk classification using machine learning models built on MPI SPECT radiomics. The proposed models are helpful to alleviate the labor-intensive MPI SPECT interpretation process regarding CAD status and can potentially expedite the diagnostic process.
| S-EPMC10493219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:The study evaluated the automatic prediction of obstructive disease from myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by deep learning as compared with total perfusion deficit (TPD). BACKGROUND:Deep convolutional neural networks trained with a large multicenter population may provide improved prediction of per-patient and per-vessel coronary artery disease from single-photon emission computed tomography MPI. METHODS:A total of 1,638 patients (67% men) without known coronary artery disease, undergoing stress 99mTc-sestamibi or tetrofosmin MPI with new generation solid-state scanners in 9 different sites, with invasive coronary angiography performed within 6 months of MPI, were studied. Obstructive disease was defined as ?70% narrowing of coronary arteries (?50% for left main artery). Left ventricular myocardium was segmented using clinical nuclear cardiology software and verified by an expert reader. Stress TPD was computed using sex- and camera-specific normal limits. Deep learning was trained using raw and quantitative polar maps and evaluated for prediction of obstructive stenosis in a stratified 10-fold cross-validation procedure. RESULTS:A total of 1,018 (62%) patients and 1,797 of 4,914 (37%) arteries had obstructive disease. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for disease prediction by deep learning was higher than for TPD (per patient: 0.80 vs. 0.78; per vessel: 0.76 vs. 0.73: p < 0.01). With deep learning threshold set to the same specificity as TPD, per-patient sensitivity improved from 79.8% (TPD) to 82.3% (deep learning) (p < 0.05), and per-vessel sensitivity improved from 64.4% (TPD) to 69.8% (deep learning) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Deep learning has the potential to improve automatic interpretation of MPI as compared with current clinical methods.
| S-EPMC6135711 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAccurately predicting which patients will have abnormal perfusion on MPI based on pre-test clinical information may help physicians make test selection decisions. We developed and validated a machine learning (ML) model for predicting abnormal perfusion using pre-test features.MethodsWe included consecutive patients who underwent SPECT MPI, with 20,418 patients from a multi-center (5 sites) international registry in the training population and 9019 patients (from 2 separate sites) in the external testing population. The ML (extreme gradient boosting) model utilized 30 pre-test features to predict the presence of abnormal myocardial perfusion by expert visual interpretation.ResultsIn external testing, the ML model had higher prediction performance for abnormal perfusion (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.762, 95% CI 0.750-0.774) compared to the clinical CAD consortium (AUC 0.689) basic CAD consortium (AUC 0.657), and updated Diamond-Forrester models (AUC 0.658, p < 0.001 for all). Calibration (validation of the continuous risk prediction) was superior for the ML model (Brier score 0.149) compared to the other models (Brier score 0.165 to 0.198, all p < 0.001).ConclusionML can predict abnormal myocardial perfusion using readily available pre-test information. This model could be used to help guide physician decisions regarding non-invasive test selection.
| S-EPMC9588501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis work was set out to investigate the feasibility of dose reduction in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. A deep learning approach was proposed to synthesize full-dose images from the corresponding low-dose images at different dose reduction levels in the projection space.MethodsClinical SPECT-MPI images of 345 patients acquired on a dedicated cardiac SPECT camera in list-mode format were retrospectively employed to predict standard-dose from low-dose images at half-, quarter-, and one-eighth-dose levels. To simulate realistic low-dose projections, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of the events were randomly selected from the list-mode data through applying binomial subsampling. A generative adversarial network was implemented to predict non-gated standard-dose SPECT images in the projection space at the different dose reduction levels. Well-established metrics, including peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root mean square error (RMSE), and structural similarity index metrics (SSIM) in addition to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and clinical parameters derived from Cedars-Sinai software were used to quantitatively assess the predicted standard-dose images. For clinical evaluation, the quality of the predicted standard-dose images was evaluated by a nuclear medicine specialist using a seven-point (- 3 to + 3) grading scheme.ResultsThe highest PSNR (42.49 ± 2.37) and SSIM (0.99 ± 0.01) and the lowest RMSE (1.99 ± 0.63) were achieved at a half-dose level. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.997 ± 0.001, 0.994 ± 0.003, and 0.987 ± 0.004 for the predicted standard-dose images at half-, quarter-, and one-eighth-dose levels, respectively. Using the standard-dose images as reference, the Bland-Altman plots sketched for the Cedars-Sinai selected parameters exhibited remarkably less bias and variance in the predicted standard-dose images compared with the low-dose images at all reduced dose levels. Overall, considering the clinical assessment performed by a nuclear medicine specialist, 100%, 80%, and 11% of the predicted standard-dose images were clinically acceptable at half-, quarter-, and one-eighth-dose levels, respectively.ConclusionThe noise was effectively suppressed by the proposed network, and the predicted standard-dose images were comparable to reference standard-dose images at half- and quarter-dose levels. However, recovery of the underlying signals/information in low-dose images beyond a quarter of the standard dose would not be feasible (due to very poor signal-to-noise ratio) which will adversely affect the clinical interpretation of the resulting images.
| S-EPMC8940834 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) myocardial infarction detection system needs to satisfy several requirements to be efficient in real-world practice. These requirements, such as reliability, less complexity, and high performance in decision-making, remain very important in a realistic clinical environment. In this study, we investigated an automatic ECG myocardial infarction detection system and presented a new approach to evaluate its robustness and durability performance in classifying the myocardial infarction (with no feature extraction) under different noise types. We employed three well-known supervised machine learning models: support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF), and tested the performance and robustness of these techniques in classifying normal (NOR) and myocardial infarction (MI) using real ECG records from the PTB database after normalization and segmentation of the data, with a suggested inter-patient paradigm separation as well as noise from the MIT-BIH noise stress test database (NSTDB). Finally, we measured four metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The simulation revealed that all of the models performed well, with values of over 0.50 at lower SNR levels, in terms of all the metrics investigated against different types of noise, indicating that they are encouraging and acceptable under extreme noise situations are are thus considered sustainable and robust models for specific forms of noise. All of the methods tested could be used as ECG myocardial infarction detection tools in real-world practice under challenging circumstances.
| S-EPMC9456488 | biostudies-literature